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Clomid (Clomiphene)
July 16, 2011 | Leave a Comment
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Protonix (Pantoprazole)
July 4, 2011 | Leave a Comment
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29
Patient Information Before Taking Effexor
June 29, 2011 | Leave a Comment
Effexor Precautions:
Before taking Effexor tell your doctor if you have an allergic reaction. Your doctor or pharmacist if you have about your health problems, to provide health care, especially if you have problems such as personal or family history of mental disorder (eg, bipolar / manic-depressive disorder), personal and family history of suicide attempts bleeding, loss of body water (dehydration), glaucoma, high blood pressure, heart problems (eg, irregular heartbeat, chest pain, heart failure, stroke), disorders, thyroid problems, high cholesterol, kidney disease, illness liver, low blood sodium (eg, hyponatremia). This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy. Use caution while driving, using machinery, or any other activity that requires alertness. Avoid drinking alcohol. Older people are more sensitive to side effects from medications. Older people are more likely to lose too much salt (hyponatremia) of the body, especially if they also take “water pills” (diuretics) with this medication. In children, the drug can affect the height and weight. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more information. Effexor is not recommended for use during pregnancy. It may harm an unborn baby. In addition, children born to mothers who used the drug during the last 3 months of pregnancy may rarely develop symptoms such as feeding problems / labored breathing, seizures, muscle stiffness, and constant crying. If you notice any of these symptoms in your newborn, tell your doctor immediately. If you are planning pregnancy, become pregnant, and think about it, immediately discuss the benefits and risks of using this medication during pregnancy with your doctor. This medication passes into breast milk and may have undesirable effects on infants. Breast-feeding is not recommended while using effexor. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
Buy generic Effexor online at a cheap price without a prescription, but consult a doctor before and get full information on this popular depression treatment drug.
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Plavix Side Effects
June 27, 2011 | Leave a Comment
Side Effects of Plavix (Clopidogrel)
Before you buy Plavix online without a prescription (generic Plavix - Clopidogrel) you need to know common possible side effects of the drug. Briefly there is information on Plavix side effects. Order Plavix online only after studying full information on this drug.
Plavix - Side Effects Information
With the blood coagulation system: gastrointestinal bleeding (2%, 0.7% of the cases required hospitalization), less often - hematoma, hematuria, and bleeding in the conjunctiva. From the hemopoietic system: severe neutropenia (number of granulocytes <450/mkl) was observed in 0.04%, severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <80 000/mkl) - at 0.2%. From the digestive system: abdominal pain, indigestion (constipation, diarrhea, nausea), gastritis, rarely - the changes of liver samples. From the central and peripheral nervous system: headache, dizziness, paresthesias. Dermatological reactions: skin rash, itching. Allergic reactions: seldom - bronchospasm, angioedema, anaphylactic reactions.
Other: thrombocytopenic purpura (1 / 200, 000).
Other clinically significant side effects noted in several large international studies, with a frequency ≥ 0.1%, as well as all serious side effects are presented below, according to the WHO classification. Their frequency is defined as follows: common (> 1 / 100, <1 / 10), uncommon (> 1 / 1000, <1 / 100), rare (> 1 / 10000, <1 / 1000).
From the central and peripheral nervous systems: common - headache, dizziness, paresthesias, rare - vertigo.
From the digestive system: common - diarrhea, abdominal pain, and sometimes - nausea, gastritis, flatulence, constipation, vomiting, stomach ulcer and duodenal ulcer.
With the blood coagulation system: sometimes - lengthening of bleeding time.
From the hemopoietic system: sometimes - leukopenia, decreased number of neutrophils and eosinophils, low platelet counts.
Dermatological reactions: sometimes - a rash and itching.
With the blood coagulation system: reports of bleeding were the most frequent (most of the cases occurred within the first month of treatment). There are several cases with fatal outcome (intracranial, gastrointestinal and retroperitoneal bleeding), there are reports of severe cases of skin hemorrhages (purpura), musculo-skeletal bleeding (haemarthrosis,), eye hemorrhages (conjunctival, ocular, retinal), epistaxis , hemoptysis, pulmonary hemorrhage, hematuria, and bleeding from the wound, in patients taking clopidogrel along with aspirin or with aspirin and heparin have also been reported cases of severe bleeding.
From the hemopoietic system: very rare - thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (0.0005%), severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count <30 000/mkl), granulocytopenia, agranulocytosis, anemia, aplastic anemia / pancytopenia.
Central nervous system: confusion, hallucinations.
Cardio-vascular system: vasculitis, blood pressure reduction.
The respiratory system: bronchospasm.
From the digestive system: colitis (including ulcerative or lymphocytic colitis), pancreatitis, change in taste, hepatitis, liver function abnormalities.
With the musculoskeletal system: arthralgia, arthritis.
From the urinary system: glomerulonephritis.
Dermatological reactions: bullous eruption (erythema multiforme), erythematous rash, eczema, lichen planus.
Allergic reactions: seldom angioedema, urticaria, anaphylactoid reactions.
Other: very rarely - increased temperature, increased blood creatinine.
These are possible side effects of Plavix (Clopidogrel)
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SOME DRUGS CAN DEFEAT IMPOTENCE
Today the answer is simple - viagra, cialis, levitra. Nothing has ever been better or more efficient in fighting impotence or erectile dysfunction. You can buy these drugs online without prescription at cheaper prices than offline. These three drugs has shown amazing effect in impotence treatment and their invention some years ago has become an inportant social effect which has literally changed the world.
There are other drugs that can be used to help an impotent man. One of them is called papaverine, and many urologists suggest its use. The drug is injected directly into the side of the penis. This drug causes a dilation of arteries in the penis thereby increasing the flow of blood to the penis and also causes less blood to leave the penis.
Blood is what causes an erection, and with the increased flow, many impotent men are able to achieve a firm erection and subsequent intercourse.
The patient is given the first injection in the office to teach him how to do it. A skinny needle is used and there is no pain involved. The medication will cause a temporary burning sensation but it’s not severe.
Sometimes a patient has psychological problems involved with his impotence. Papaverine is especially good in these cases. By injecting himself, the patient achieves and maintains an erection for up to an hour. This will naturally reduce the fear of failure which results so often in a poor performance anxiety.
Some urologists gradually reduce the dosage and frequency of the shots. For patients with purely psychological impotency problems this can result in a return to normal sexual function without any shots.
Another drug, Prostaglandins, is also being used for penile injections to help in impotency. It is also a vein-dilating medication and works much the same way that Papaverine does.
What about the over the counter aphrodisiacs that can be found in many health food stores? Most aren’t labeled as such, but the advertising or the labels suggesting a vigor for life, and an elixir especially for men, tell what they are selling.
The Food and Drug Administration has simply banned all aphrodisiacs from sale with the explanation that they do not do what they claim. Most still sold don’t help, but don’t do that much harm. Here you have to remember the placebo effect. If a sugar pill will help a man to get a workable erection, use it and don’t ask questions.
One old folk remedy, however, is being talked about by some serious researchers and physicians. This is yohimbine. It comes in a pill form and some doctors say it can help restore function and desire in some men. It is said to dilate blocked blood vessels and helps in the release of norepinephrine. Doctors say this compound is helpful in causing and maintaining erections. We expect to hear more about this yohimbine in the years ahead.
Today, however, the great trio: Viagra, Cialis and Levitra are widely available on the market and are considered to be the best remedies in erectyle disfunction treatment. If you have prostate problems, consult your doctor on cialis, viagra or levitra use for this particular case.
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Nexium (Esomeprazole)
May 9, 2011 | Leave a Comment
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Esomeprazole is generic for Nexium and is also manufactured in capsules generic Nexium (Esomeprazole) 20 mg and 40 mg. Buy Nexium pills in the dosage you require for your treatment (either 40mg or 20mg) after consulting with a doctor, although Esomeprazole online is available to purchase without a prescription an any dosage and quantity. Your Nexium order will be shipped on the same day and will reach you within several days and you will be able to start your generic Nexium treatment course. Never chew or crash the capsules but swallow instead with a glass of water. Before buying Nexium it is recommended to read patient information especially interactions, possible side effects and contraindications. When you know that you need Nexium, know your dosage and quantity order generic Nexium Esomeprasole in internet pharmacy and shedule your refill order date so that you do not run of pills before completion of tratment.
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Formoterol - Fosfomycin - Fosinopril - Fosrenol - Ganciclovir
September 26, 2009 | Leave a Comment
Generic Name Formoterol (for-MOH-ter-ol)
Brand Names Foradil Aerolizer Perforomist Foradil Certihaler
Generic Ingredients: Formoterol + Budesonide Symbicort
The information in this profile also applies to the following drug:
Generic Ingredient: Arformoterol Brovana
Type of Drug Bronchodilator.
Prescribed For
Maintenance of asthma, bronchospasm during exercise, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, including chronic bronchitis, and emphysema.
General Information
Formoterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist, used in the prevention of asthma attacks and bronchial spasms. It is not effective in stopping an asthma attack once it has begun. Patients suffering from severe asthma should always have a short-acting bronchodilator available in case of an acute attack.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not use formoterol if you are allergic or sensitive to any its ingredients.
Formoterol not be used by patients with significantly or rapidly worsening asthma. In some asthma patients, formoterol may increase the chance of death from asthma.
Formoterol is not a replacement for corticosteroid inhalers. Patients should continue to use their corticosteroid inhalers at the same dosage in conjunction with formoterol.
Patients who have been taking inhaled, short-acting beta-2 agonises should stop regular use of these, and use them only to treat acute asthma symptoms.
Formoterol can cause paradoxical bronchospasm, a potentially life-threatening condition. Patients who experience symptoms should discontinue use of formoterol immediately.
Formoterol can cause irregular heartbeat and should be used with caution by patients with a history of heart disease or high blood pressure. Patients with a history of seizures, strokes, or diabetes should also be carefully monitored for a recurrence or worsening of these conditions.
Possible Side Effects
Most common: tremors, dizziness, insomnia, and chest pain.
Common: restlessness, weakness, sore throat, and difficulty breathing.
Less common: lightheadedness, angina, abnormal heart rhythm, heart palpitations, and bronchospasrn.
Rare: severe worsening of asthma, extreme allergic reaction, and angioedema (a potentially life-threatening swelling of the lips and throat). Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
• Formoterol’s effects may be increased by monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MA01) antidepressants, tricyclic antidepressants, thyroid drugs, other bronchodilators. and some antihistamines.
• The effect of formoterol may be lessened by beta-blocking drugs, such as propranolol.
• Formoterol may antagonize the effects of blood-r:~ssurelowering drugs, especially reserpine, methyldupa, and guanethidine.
• Using formoterol with antihistamt z;, disopyramide; phe- nothja,Z:MtS,’D10cBinamide; quinidine and similar drugs: theo- phylline; and tricyclic antidepressants may increase the risk of heart damage and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias.
Food Interactions None known.
Usual Dose
Arlormoterol
Adult: Inhale 15 mcg every 12 hours. Child: not recommended.
Formoterol
Adult and Child (age 5 and over)
Foradil Aerolizer: Inhale 12 mcg every 12 hours. Foradil Certihaler: Inhale 10 mcg every 12 hours.
Perforomist: Inhale 20 mcg every 12 hours. Child (under age 5): not recommended.
Formoterol + Budesonide Combination Adult: Inhale 1 puff every 12 hours. Child: riot recommended.
Overdosage
Formoterol overdose may cause nausea, vomiting, tremor, sleepiness, rapid or irregular heartbeat, low blood sugar, blood acidity, and life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Patients experiencing severe symptoms should go to a hospital emergency room. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
The drug should be inhaled during the second half of your inward breath. This will allow the medication to reach more deeply into your lungs.
Be sure to follow your doctor’s directions for the use of formoterol. Using more than you need can increase the risk of side effects and worsen your symptoms. If your condition worsens after taking formoterol, stop taking it and call your doctor at once.
Call your doctor at once if you develop chest pains, rapid heartbeat, palpitations, muscle tremors, dizziness, headache, or swelling of the throat, or if you still have trouble breathing after using the medication.
If a dose of formoterol is forgotten, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time (Ox your next dose, skip the dose you forgot aMmMinue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
Formoterol capsules must only be used with the inhaler that is provided with this medicine. Do not use other medicines with the formoterol inhaler. Patients should be aware that the gelatin cap-sure may fragment, causing a risk that gelatin particles will be inhaled. This risk is minimized by being careful to pierce the gelatin capsule only once. Capsules should be used immediately after they are taken from the blister pack.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: The safety of formoterol in pregnant women has not been studied. The potential benefit of using this medication must be carefully weighed against its risks.
It is not known if formoterol passes into breast milk. Nursing mothers who take this should consider using infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors may be more sensitive to the effects of this drug. Follow your doctor’s directions and report any side effects at once.
Fosamax see Bisphosphonates, page 164
Generic Name
Fosfomycin (fos-foe-MYE-sin)
Brand Name Monurol
Type of Drug Urinary anti-infective.
Prescribed For
Uncomplicated urinary infections.
General Information
Fosfomycin kills a variety of bacteria. It works by preventing bacteria from sticking to the wall of the urinary tract and by interfering with bacterial cell division. In the body, it is converted V) its active form—free (WS bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics are not resistant to fosfomycin, so this drug may work where others have failed.
Cautions and Warnings
bo not take fosfomycin if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients. Fosfomycin is meant to be taken once, in a single dose. Taking more than 1 packet of fosfomycin only increases side effects; it does not improve the drug’s effectiveness.
Drug Interactions
• Metoclopramide reduces fosfomycin blood levels. Food Interactions
You may take fosfomycin with or without food. Usual Dose
Adult (age 12 and over): 1 packet mixed with water. Child (under age 12): riot recommended.
Overdosage
Little is known about the effects of fosfomycin overdose. Call your local poison control center or a hospital emergency room for more information. If you seek treatment, ALWAYS bring the prescription container.
Special Information
Do not take fosfomycin powder in its dry form. Mix the contents of the packet with 3-4 oz. of cool or cold water until it dissolves. Then drink the solution immediately.
Call your doctor if your infection does not improve within 2 or 3 days.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: The safety of using fosfomycin during pregnancy is, mV&nown. When this drug is considered crucial by your doctor, its potential benefits must be carefully weighed against its risks.
It is not known if fosfomycin passes into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must take this drug should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors may take fosfomycin without special restriction.
above. vaginal irritation, runny nose, nau-
ts can occur in almost any part of the doctor if you experience any side ef- e.
Possible Side Effects
¦ Less common: diarrhea
and headache
Rare: Rare side effects body. Contact your fect not listed
Generic Name
Fosinopril (tos-IN-oe-pril) 41
Brand Name Monopril
Combination Product
Generic Ingredients: Fosinopril + Hydrochlorothiazide IM
Monopril HCT Type of Drug
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor.
Prescribed For
High blood pressure and heart failure. Also prescribed for renal failure, kidney hypertension, post-heart attack management, management of people with a high risk of heart disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and preventing a second stroke.
General Information
Fosinopril sodium and other ACE inhibitors work by preventing the conversion of a hormone called angiotensin I to another hormone called angiotensin II, a potent blood-vessel constrictor. Preventing this conversion relaxes blood vessels, thus reducing blood pressure and relieving the symptoms of heart failure. Fosinopril also affects the production of other hormones and enzymes that participate in the regulation of blood vessel dilation. Fosinopril begins working 2-6 hours after you take it.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take fosinopril if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients. Severe reactions may involve angioedema, a possibly life-threatening swelling of the face, throat, or intestines (see “Special Information”). These reactions are more likely in hemodialysis patients and those undergoing venom immunization.
Fosinopril occasionally causes very low blood pressure or affects your kidneys. ‘four doctor should check your urine for changes during the first few months of treatment.
ACE inhibitors can affect your white-blood-cell count, possibly increasing your susceptibility to infection. Blood counts should be checked periodically.
Fosinopril may cause serious injury or death to the fetus it taken during pregnancy. Pregnant women should, not take fosinopril.
ACE inhibitors may be less effective in some black patients with high blood pressure, especially when dietary salt intake is high. Nevertheless, they should still be considered useful blood pressure treatments. Swelling beneath the skin to form welts is more common among black patients.
Possible Side Effects
v Most common: chronic cough and dizziness, especially when rising from a sitting or lying position. The cough usually goes away a few days after you stop taking the medicine.
? Less common: chest pain, low blood pressure, fatigue, diarrhea, headache, vomiting, and nausea.
¦ Rare: Rare side effects can affect your heart, sleeping, stomach and intestines, skin, sex drive, and joints. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
• The blood-pressure-towering effect of fosinopril is additive with diuretic drugs and beta blockers. Any other drug that causes a rapid drop in blood pressure should be used with caution if you are taking an ACE inhibitor.
• Fosinopril may increase the effects of lithium: this combination should be used with caution.
• Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the blood pressure-lowering effects of fosinopril and other ACE inhibitors. This may cause reductions in kidney function.
• Fosinopril may increase potassium levels in your blood, especially when taken with dyazide or other potassium-sparing diuretics.
• Antacids and fosinopril should be taken at least 2 hours apart.
• Capsaicin may trigger or aggravate the cough associated with fosinopril, kt)eTapy.
• Indomethacin may reduce the blood-pressure-lowering effects of fosinopril.
• Phenothiazine sedatives and antivomiting drugs may increase the effects of fosinopril.
• Severe sensitivity reactions can occur in people taking allopurinol.
Fosinopril may affect blood levels of digoxin. More digoxin in the blood increases the chance of digoxin-related side effects while less digoxin in the blood can compromise its
effectiveness.
Food Interactions
You may take fosinopril with food if it upsets your stomach.
Usual Dose
Adult: 10-80 mg once a day. People with liver disease may require lower dosages.
Overdosage
The principal effect of ACE inhibitor overdose is a rapid drop in blood pressure, as evidenced by dizziness or fainting. Take the overdose victim to a hospital emergency room immediately. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Call your doctor if you develop swelling of the face or throat, if you have sudden difficulty in breathing, or if you develop a sore throat, mouth sores, abnormal heartbeat, chest pain, persistent rash, or loss of taste perception. Unexplained swelling of the face, lips, hands, and feet can also affect the larynx (throat) and tongue and interfere with breathing. If this happens, the victim should be taken to a hospital emergency room at once.
Some people who start taking an ACE inhibitor after they are already on a diuretic (an agent that increases urination) experience a rapid drop in blood pressure after their first doses or when the dosage is increased. To prevent this from happening, you may be told to stop taking the diuretic 2 or 3 days before starting the ACE inhibitor or to increase your salt intake during that time. The diuretic may then be restarted gradually.
You may get dizzy if you rise to your feet quickly from a sitting or lying position when taking fosinopril.
Avoid strenuous exercise or very hot weather, because heavy sweating or dehydration can cause a rapid decrease in blood pressure.
Avoid over-the-counter diet pills, decongestants, and other stimulants that can raise blood pressure. Also, do not take potassium supplements or salt substitutes containing potassium without consulting your doctor.
If you forget to take a dose of fosinopril, take it as soon as you remember. If it is within 8 hours of your next dose, skip the one you forgot and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: ACE inhibitors can cause fetal injury or death. Women who are or might be pregnant should not take ACE inhibitors. Stop taking the drug and contact your doctor if you become pregnant.
Large amounts of fosinopril pass into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must take this drug should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors may be more sensitive to the effects of fosinopril.
Brand Name
Fosrenol
Generic Ingredient Lanthanum Carbonate
Type of Drug Phosphate binder.
Prescribed For
High blood phosphate levels (hyperphosphatemia) in people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
General Information
People with ESRD, a form of kidney disease, tend to retain phosphorous. High phosphate levels, in turn, can affect calcium balance in the body and cause deposits of this mineral to build up in the wrong places. Lanthanum helps manage high blood phosphate levels by binding to phosphate in food before it can be absorbed into the blood. This is the same mechanism used by other phosphate-lowering drugs (se,4e%Tner and the antacids aluminum hydroxide -6nd calcium carbonate). Lanthanum, like other phosphate binders, must be taken with meals so that it can bind phosphate ions in the stomach before they can be absorbed into the blood. Very little of this drug is absorbed into the blood and it is not broken down in the body Cautions and Warnings
Do not take fosrenol if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its
ingredients.
People with an active peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s
disease, or bowel obstruction should use this medication with
caution.
Researchers found no difference in bone fracture rates or over-
all survival for lanthanum than for other phosphate-binding treatments over 3 years. The study period was too short to assume that it would improve bone fractures or survival beyond 3 years.
Possible Side Effects
Side effects primarily affect the digestive tract and are similar to other phosphate-lowering treatments in type and frequency.
¦ Most common: nausea. vomiting, complications with the dialysis graft, diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pains, and low blood pressure.
¦ Common: bronchitis and runny nose.
? Less common: high blood calcium levels.
? Rare: Other side effects may affect any organ or organ system. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
• Lanthanum strongly binds to phosphate in the stomach and might also bind to other medications in the stomach. However, no interaction was found in tests conducted with warfarin, digoxin, enalapril, furosemide, metoprolol, or phenytoin.
• Compounds known to interact with antacids should not be taken within 2 hours of taking lanthanum.
Food Interactions
This drug must be taken with or immediately after meals.
usual Dose
Adult: 750-1500 mg with or immediately after each meal. Completely chew each tablet before you swallow it. Do not swallow whole tablets.
Child: not recommended.
Overdosage
There have been no reports of lanthanum overdose, even with single doses up to 1000 mg per pound of body weight. Symptoms of overdose are likely to occur in the digestive tract. Overdose victims may be taken to a hospital emergency room for evaluation. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
If you forget to take lanthanum with or immediately after a meal, skip the forgotten dose and continue with your regular schedule.
Be sure to follow the low-phosphate diet your doctor prescribes. It is a key element in helping to manage your blood phosphate levels.
Special Populations
PregnancylBreast-feeding., Animal studies with doses several times the maximum human dose revealed some harm to the developing fetus. Pregnancy in a woman with end-stage renal disease, especially those on dialysis, is uncommon because of reduced fertility and carries serious risks for a woman and her baby, including anemia, uncontrolled high blood pressure, and infection. This drug is not recommended for pregnant women.
It is not known if lanthanum passes into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must take it should consider using infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors may use this medication without special restriction.
Generic Name
Ganciclovir (ga.-SYE-kloe-vem) IM
Brand Name
Vitrasert
The information in this profile also applies To The tollowing drug:
GD’K)Phc )ngredient: Valganciclovir Valcyte
Type of Drug
Antiviral.
Prescribed For
Cytornegalovirus (CMV) infections of the eye and CMV infections in other parts of the body, in people with compromised immune
systems.
General Information
Ganciclovir works by preventing reproduction of the virus CMV. Unlike other antiviral drugs, it works only against this virus and herpes simplex virus. The drug is eliminated through the kidneys.
Though most often used for CMV retinitis (eye infection), ganciclovir has also been used for CMV infections of the urine, blood, throat, and semen. It is also used to prevent CMV infection. Ganciclovir is helpful in controlling CMV infection in heart, kidney, and kidney-pancreas transplant patients. Valganciclovir is not indicated for use in liver transplant patients.
Valganciclovir (Valcyte) is broken down by the body into ganciclovir, and all information in this profile applies to both drugs, unless otherwise noted.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take ganciclovir if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients.
Ganciclovir causes anemia, reduced white-blood-cell count, and blood-platelet loss. Regular monitoring of blood and platelet counts is recommended while taking this drug.
Ganciclovir is intended only for people who are immunocompromised. It is not intended to treat or prevent CMV infections in newborns.
Detachment of the retina has been noted in people taking ganciclovir, as well as in people with CMV who have not taken the drug. The relationship between ganciclovir and this effect is not well known.
Ganciclovir causes increased sensitivity to the sun; use a sunscreen or wear protective clothes when you go outside.
People with kidney disease should use qw\6,7_l1DAr with caution, and may (eqtst% ieatment at a lower dosage.
Studies of ganciclovir in blacks, Hispanics, and Caucasians showed a trend toward higher blood levels among Caucasians than other groups.
Intravenous ganciclovir has been given to a small number of children under age 12 with mixed results. Side effects were similar to those experienced by adults taking the drug.
Possible Side Effects
¦ Most common: fever, diarrhea, abdominal pain, reduced white-blood-cell counts, anemia, rash, sweating, nausea, vomiting, and appetite loss.
¦ Common: infection; chills; stomach gas; low platelet counts
(symptoms include bleeding or oozing blood); tingling-,
burning; numbness or pain in the hands, arms, legs, or feet-,
itching; pneumonia; weakness; and headache.
Drug Interactions
• Pentamidine, flucytosine, vincristine, vinblastine, adriamycin, amphotericin B, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and other cytotoxic drugs may increase the side effects of ganciclovir and should be used together only if absolutely necessary, and only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
• People taking imipenem-cilastatin together with ganciclovir have experienced seizures. Avoid this combination.
• Mixing ganciclovir with other drugs that can be damaging to the kidneys may increase the rate and extent of kidney damage.
• Probenecid interferes with ganciclovir release through the kidneys and substantially increases blood levels of ganciclovir.
• Mixing ganciclovir with the anti-HIV drugs didanosine or zidovudine (AZT) may increase didanosine or AZT levels and reduce ganciclovir levels. Because AZT and ganciclovir both cause anemia and low white-blood-cell counts, many people cannot tolerate this combination.
Food Interactions
High-fat, high-calorie meals can increase the amount of ganciclovir absorbed into the blood. Take this drug with food.
Usual Dose Gar1r.(qtZ,41N
Adult and Child (age 13 and over): 3000 mg a day, divided into 3 or 6 equal doses. People with reduced kidney function will need to have their dosage reduced accordingly, possibly to as little as 500 mg 3 times a week.
Child (under age 13): not recommended.
Valganciclovir
Adult and Child (age 13 and over): 900 mg a day, divided into 2 equal doses of 450 mg each. People with reduced kidney function will need to have their dosage reduced accordingly, possibly to as little as 500 mg 3 times a week.
Child (under age 13): not recommended.
Overdosage
Little is known about the effects of ganciclovir overdose. As much as 6000 mg a day has been taken with only temporary lowering of white-blood-cell count. Call your hospital emergency room for instructions in case of ganciclovir overdose.
Special Information
Ganciclovir does not cure CMV eye infection, and immunocompromised people taking this drug may find their disease worsening. Dosage reductions or discontinuation of the drug may be necessary if white-blood-cell or platelet counts get too low.
Ganciclovir may cause infertility in men and women. Women of child-bearing age should use effective contraception while taking this drug. Men should use a condom while taking the drug and for at least 90 days afterward to avoid passing the drug to their partners.
Good dental hygiene is important while taking ganciclovir to minimize the risk of infection. If you have dental work done while taking this drug, expect the healing process to take longer.
Regular blood tests are necessary to watch for white-bloodcell or platelet-level alterations.
It is very important to take ganciclovir exactly as directed. If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember and continue with your regular schedule.
Special Populations
PregnancylBreas>-feeding. Animal studies showed ganciclovir to be toxic to the fetus. There is no reliable information about its effect in pregnant women, but it should be taken only when the possible Oe”6% Outweigh the risks. Women who are likely to become pregnant while taking this drug should use reliable contraception.
It is not known if ganciclovir passes into breast milk, but the possible side effects of this drug on a nursing infant should be kept in mind. Nursing mothers who must take this drug should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors often have reduced kidney function; dosage adiustments may be needed.
Generic Name
Gemfibrozil oem-Fl-broe-zil)
Brand Name Lopid
Type of Drug
Anti-hyperlipidemic (blood-fat reducer). Prescribed For
High blood triglycerides.
General Information
Gemfibrozil consistently reduces blood triglycerides and reduces the risk of heart disease in people with high levels of triglycerides, low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, the “good” cholesterol, and high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, the “bad” cholesterol. It works by affecting the breakdown of body fats and by reducing the amount of triglyceride manufactured by the liver. It is usually prescribed only for people with very high blood-fat levels who have not responded to dietary changes or other therapies. Gemfibrozil usually has little effect on blood-cholesterol levels, although it may reduce blood cholesterol in some people.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take gemfibrozil if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients or have severe liver or kidney disease. Some people taking gemfibrozil have experienced worsening of kidney function.
Gemfibrozil users may have an increased risk of developing gallbladder disease and gallstones.
People taking gemfibrozil and fenofibmte may develop pancreatitis (inflammation 0 the pancreas).
People taking gemfibrozil may develop muscle aches and inflammation. Tell your doctor if you experience muscle tenderness or weakness.
Estrogen drugs may cause massive increases in triglyceride levels. Stopping estrogen therapy in these cases may reduce triglyceride levels to normal.
Gemfibrozil may cause a moderate rise in blood sugar and mild decreases in white-blood-cell counts.
Possible Side Effects
¦ Most common: abdominal and stomach pain, fatigue, heartburn, gas, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
¦ Less common: rash, itching, dizziness, blurred vision, anemia, reduced levels of white blood cells, increased blood sugar, and muscle pain—especially in the arms or legs.
¦ Rare: dry mouth, constipation, appetite loss, upset stom-
ach, sleeplessness, tingling in the hands or feet, ringing or
buzzing in the ears, back pain, painful muscles or joints,
swollen joints, feeling unwell, reduction in blood potassium,
and abnormal liver function. Contact your doctor if you ex-
perience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
• Gemfibrozil increases the effects of oral anticoagulant (blood-thinning) drugs. Your anticoagulant dosage must be reduced when starting gemfibrozil.
• Combining gemfibrozil with a statin cholesterol- lowering drug (atorvastatin, fluvastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, or simvastatin) has led to the destruction of skeletal muscles. This effect may begin as early as 3 weeks after you start taking the combination or may not appear for months.
• Combining gemfibrozil and sulfonylurea antidiabetes drugs or repaglinide may cause unexpectedly low blood sugar levels. The sulfonylurea drug dosage may need adjustment.
• Gemfibrozil can substantially increase the amount of glitazone antidiabetes drugs in the blood. Glitazone dosages may need to be adjusted.
• Combining gemfibrozil and cyclosporine may decrease the effectiveness of cyclosporine. This combination should only be used if it is absolutely necessary and the lowest possible dose of gemfibrozil is used.
Food Interactions
Gemfibrozil is best taken on an empty stomach 30 minutes before meals but may be taken with food if it upsets your stomach. It is important that you follow your doctor’s dietary instructions.
Usual Dose
Adult: 1200 mg a day, divided into 2 doses taken 30 minutes
before breakfast and dinner. Child: not recommended.
Overdosage
There have been reported cases of overdosage with gemfibrozil. Symptoms reported with overdosage were abdominal cramps, abnormal liver function tests, diarrhea, joint and muscle pain, nausea, and vomiting. Induce vomiting with ipecac syrup—available at any pharmacy—but call your doctor or local poison control center before doing this. If you go to a hospital emergency room, ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Your doctor should perform periodic blood counts during the first year of gemfibrozil treatment to check for anemia or other changes in blood components. Liver-function tests are also necessary. Blood-sugar levels should be checked periodically while you are taking gemfibrozil, especially if you are diabetic or have a family history of diabetes.
Gemfibrozil may cause dizziness or blurred vision. Be careful when driving or doing any task that requires concentration.
Gemfibrozil is less effective if you are greatly overweight.
Call your doctor if side effects become severe or intolerable, especially diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, or stomach pain or gas. These may disappear if your doctor reduces the dosage.
If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose. skip the one you forgot and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: The safety of using gemfibrozil during pregnancy is not known. When this drug is considered crucial by your doctor, its potential benefits must be carelO%-y weighed against its risks.
It is R(PM1)Wnif this drug passes into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must take it should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors are more likely to develop drug side effects due to normal declines in kidney function.
Aug
1
Cilostazol
August 1, 2009 | Leave a Comment
Generic Name
Cilostazol (sil-oe-STAY-zol) Lq
Brand Name Pletal
Type of Drug Antiplatelet.
Prescribed For Intermittent claudication.
General Information
In intermittent claudication, leg muscles go into spasm due to reduced blood flow. This occurs when plaque buildup narrows blood vessels leading to the calf or other leg muscles. People with this condition often develop leg pain after walking only a short distance. Cilostazol prevents blood platelets from “clumping together” to begin the process of forming a blood clot, which can further obstruct arteries and worsen intermittent claudication. This drug is broken down in the liver.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take this drug if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients.
?P,Ople with congestive heart failure (CHF) should not take cilostazol. Some studies indicate that long-term use of this drug may cause cardiovascular problems.
People with hemostatic disorders or active pathologic bleeding should not take cilostazil.
Drug Interactions
• Avoid mixing cilostazol with ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, miconazole, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, nefazodone, or sertraline because this interaction may slow the breakdown of cilostazol, prolonging its effects. Cilostazol dosage is reduced by 50% when it is combined with any of these drugs.
• Aspirin can increase the anticoagulant (blood-thinning) effect of cilostazol, but this combination has not caused serious bleeding problems. There is no information on the effect of combining cilostazol and other antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs. Cilostazol dosage is reduced by 50% when it is combined with any of these drugs.
• Diltiazem increases cilostazol blood levels by about 50%. Cilostazol dosage is reduced by 50% when it is combined with diltiazem.
• Erythromycin and similar antibiotics increase cilostazol blood levels. Take half the regular dose of cilostazol when combining it with any of these drugs.
• Combining cilostazol and omeprazole increases the effects of cilostazol. Cilostazol dosage is reduced by 50% when it is combined with omeprazole.
• Smoking reduces the Olectiveness of cilostazol by causing the liver to break it down faster.
Food Interactions
Take this drug on an empty stomach at least 30 minutes before or 2 hours after meals. Do not drink grapefruit juice at any time while
above. with dosage.
dache, infection, abdominal pain, ab- arrhea.
pitations, rapid heartbeat. dizziness, sea, sore throat, runny nose, back pain, arms or legs.
cough, fainting, and muscle aches. cts can occur in almost any part of the doctor if you experience any side ef- e.
Possible Side Effects
The risk of side effects
♦ Most common: headache
• stool, and diarrhea. • Common: heart palpitations
• stomach, nausea
• swelling in the
♦ Less common: gas,
♦ Rare: Rare side effects body. Contact your fect not listed taking cilostazol because it can interfere with the breakdown of the drug.
Usual Dose
Adult: 100 mg twice a day. 50 mg twice a day when combined with other drugs that may increase the effect of cilostazol. Child: not recommended.
Overdosage
Symptoms of overdose are likely to be the most common side effects. Overdose victims should be taken to a hospital emergency room. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Several weeks of cilostazol treatment may be necessary before you notice any improvement in symptoms. Maximum benefit usually occurs after 12 weeks.
If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the forgotten dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: Animal studies suggest that cilostazol may harm the fetus, but there is no information on the effect of cilostazol in pregnant women. When this drug is considered crucial by your doctor, its potential benefits must be carefully weighed against its risks.
cilostazol may pass into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must take this drug should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors can take this drug without special precaution.
Aug
1
Chlorzoxazone
August 1, 2009 | Leave a Comment
Generic Name
Chlorzoxazone (klor-M-uh-zone)
Brand Names
Parafon Forte DSC Strifon Forte DSC
Type of Drug
Skeletal muscle relaxant.
Prescribed For
Pain and spasm of muscular conditions, including strain, sprain, bruising, and lower back problems.
General Information
Chlorzoxazone works primarily on the spinal cord level and on the brain, acting as a mild sedative. This results in fewer spasms, less pain, and greater mobility. Chlorzoxazone provides only temporary relief and is not a substitute for other types of therapy, such as rest, surgery, and physical therapy.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take chlorzoxazone if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients, or if you have a condition known as porphyria.
People with poor liver or kidney function should take this drug with caution because serious liver toxicity has rarely occurred in people using chlorzoxazone.
Chlorzoxazone may interact with other drugs that cause nervous system depression (see “Drug Interactions”).
Because it is possible to become dependent on this drug, people with a history of substance abuse should take chlorzoxazone with caution.
Possible Side Effects
♦ Most common: dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness, malaise, and aveTStimulation,
♦ Less common: headache, stomach cramps or pain, diar-
rhea, constipation, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting.
• Rare: internal bleeding, liver problems, severe allergic-type skin reactions, and breathing problems. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
• The depressive effects of chlorzoxazone may be enhanced by taking it with alcohol, sedatives, sleeping pills, or other nervous system depressants. Avoid these combinations.
Food Interactions
Take this drug with food if it upsets your stomach. The tablets may be crushed and mixed with food.
Usual Dose
Adult: 250-750 mg 3-4 times a day. Child: 125-500 mg 3-4 times a day.
Do not take more medication than is prescribed.
Overdosage
Early signs of chlorzoxazone overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, and headache. Victims may also feel sluggish or sickly and lose the ability to move their muscles. Breathing may become slow or irregular, and blood pressure may drop. Contact a doctor immediately or go to a hospital emergency room for treatment. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Chlorzoxazone may make you drowsy or reduce your ability to concentrate. Be extremely careful while driving or operating hazardous equipment. Avoid alcoholic beverages.
Chlorzoxazone may turn your urine orange to purple-red; this is not dangerous.
Call your doctor if you develop drowsiness, weakness, an allergic reaction, skin rash or itching, breathing difficulties, black or tarry stools, vomiting of material that resembles coffee grounds, liver problems, or any other severe or bothersome side effect.
4f you miss a dose of chlorzoxazone by more than an hour, skip the dose you forgot and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: The safety of chlorzoxazone in pregnant women has not been established. Pregnant women should only take chlorzoxazone after carefully weighing its potential benefits against its risks.
It is not known if chlorzoxazone passes into breast milk. Nursing mothers should consider using infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors, especially those with severe liver disease, are more sensitive to the effects of chlorzoxazone.
Jul
16
Alitretinoin
July 16, 2009 | Leave a Comment
Generic Name
Alitretinoin (al-ih-TRET-in-oin)
Brand Name
Panretin
Type of Drug Retinoid.
Prescribed For
Skin lesions of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS).
General Information
Alitretinoin binds to and activates retinoid receptors in human cells. Once activated, these receptors help stimulate the body’s natural mechanisms for limiting tissue growth—in this case, the growth of KS cells. KS lesions, which are primarily associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), can respond to alitretinoin in as little as 2 weeks, but most people do not start to see results for 48 weeks or, in some cases, 14 weeks or more.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not use alitretinoin if you are allergic or sensitive to retinoids or to any of its ingredients.
Alitretinoin is applied to individual KS lesions. It does not treat systemic KS or prevent new KS lesions from forming.
People requiring systemic KS treatment (those who have developed more than 10 new KS lesions within a month) should not use alitretinoin.
People with swollen lymph glands, KS that affects the lungs or other major organ involvement should not use alitretinoin.
Possible Side Effects .
✓ Most common: rash and burning pain at application site.
♦ Common: itchy, flaking, peeling, cracking, oozing, swelling, and inflammation at application site.
Drug Interactions
• Do not use insect repellant products that contain DEET, a widely used chemical repellant. Alitretinoin increases DEET toxicity.
Usual Dose
Adult: Apply 2-4 times a day to KS skin lesions. Seniors should use this drug with caution.
Child: not recommended.
Overdosage
Little is known about the effects of accidental ingestion. Call your local poison control center or a hospital emergency room for information. If you seek treatment, ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Apply enough alitretinoin gel to cover the entire skin lesion. Allow the gel to dry for 3-5 minutes before covering the area with clothing. Avoid showering, bathing, or swimming for at least 3 hours.
If you use a bandage or dressing, be sure it is not tight and that air can circulate freely over the area.
Avoid applying alitretinoin to unaffected skin because it may be irritated by the drug. Avoid applying near the nose, eyes, or mouth.
Alitretinoin contains alcohol. Always keep it away from any open flame.
Retinoids can cause unusual sensitivity to the sun. While this has not been seen with alitretinoin, you should avoid prolonged exposure to the sun or use sunscreen while taking this drug.
If you forget a dose, apply it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, apply the forgotten dose and then space the rest of your doses throughout the day. Continue with your regular schedule the next day.
Special Populations
PregnancylBreast-feeding., Alitretinoin can harm the fetus when sufficient levels of the drug are present in the mother’s bloodstream, but it is not known if these levels are achieved during routine use of alitretinoin. Women who are or might be pregnant should only use this drug after discussing its potential benefits and risks with their doctors.
It is not known if alitretinoin passes into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must use alitretinoin should use infant formula.
Seniors: There is no information on use of alitretinoin by seniors. Seniors should use it with caution.