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Generic Name
Dicyclomine (dih-SYE-kloe-meen) 10j
Brand Names
Bemote    Dilomine
Bentyl    Di-Spaz
Bycloft),e    Or-Tyl Dibent
Type of Drug
Antispasmodic and anticholinergic.
Prescribed For
Irritable bowel, spastic colon, and similar digestive problems; also prescribed for colic in children over age 6 months.
General Information
Dicyclomine hydrochloride has been used for many years to calm “nervous stomach.” It and other anticholinergics work by blocking the effects of the neurohormone acetylcholine in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This reduces the mobility of the GI tract and slows the production of enzymes and other secretions.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take dicyclomine if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients.
Dicyclomine should not be used by those with obstructive disease of the GI or urinary tract, severe ulcerative colitis, reflux esophagitis, acute bleeding with unstable heart function, myasthenia gravis, or glaucoma.
Dicyclomine should not be used in infants less than age 6 months or by breastfeeding mothers.
This drug should be used with caution if you have heart disease, Down’s syndrome, spastic paralysis, reduced mobility of the stomach and lower esophagus, fever, urinary difficulties, enlarged prostate, hiatal hernia, intestinal paralysis, kidney or liver disease, rapid heartbeat, hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid gland), high blood pressure, or ulcerative colitis.
Dicyclomine reduces your ability to sweat and may lead to heat exhaustion and heatstroke, which can be life-threatening. Avoid extended heavy exercise and limit your exposure to high temperatures.
Anticholinergenic psychosis has been reported by those taking anticholinergenics, but it usually resolves within 24 hours after discontinuation of the drug.
Possible Side EfferkS
♦ Common: dry mouth, dizziness, blurred vision, nausea, and lightheadedness.
V Less common: drowsiness, weakness, nervousness, constipation, and decreased sweating.
Possible Side Effects (continued)
♦ Rare: drug allergy (symptoms include rash, itching, lives,
and breathing difficulties), confusion, eye pain, dizziness
when rising quickly from a sitting or lying position, a bloated
feeling, difficult or painful urination, headache, memory
loss, and vomiting. Contact your doctor if you experience
any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
•    Antacids containing calcium or magnesium, citrates, sodium bicarbonate, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs may increase dicyclomine’s therapeutic effect and side effects.
•    Combining dicyclomine with other anticholinergic drugs including atropine, belladonna, clidinium, glycopyrrolate, hyoscyamine, isopropamide, propantheline, and scopolamine may intensify side effects.
•    Dicyclomine may reduce stomach acidity and blood levels of oral ketoconazole (an antifungal).
•    Dicyclomine may decrease the therapeutic effects of anti-glaucoma medications. Taking dicyclomine with corticosteroids used to treat glaucoma may be hazardous.
•    Dicyclomine may counteract the effect of metoclopramide in reducing nausea and vomiting.
•    Taking dicyclomine with a narcotic pain reliever may cause severe constipation.
•    Taking this or any drug that slows the movement of stomach and intestinal muscles with a potassium chloride supplement –especially one in wax-matrix tablet form—may lead to excessive irritation of the stomach.
•    Combining dicyclomine with amantadine, certain drugs to control heart rhythm, antihistamines, nitrates or nitrites, may increase dicyclomine side effects.
•    Dicyclomine may increase the effects of atenolol and digoxin.
•    Pftn0hiazine drugs, monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressants, benzodiazepines, and tricyclic antidepressants may increase side effects of dicyclomine. The effectiveness of phenothiazines to control psychotic symptoms may be decreased.
Food Interactions
Take dicyclomine on an empty stomach, a half hour before or 2 hours after a meal.
Usual Dose
Adult: 80-160 mg a day in 4 divided doses. Seniors should receive the lowest possible dosage and increase only as needed. Child (age 2 and over): 5-10 mg 3-4 times a day.
Child (age 6 months-2 years): 5-10 mg of syrup 3-4 times a day. Child (under 6 months): not recommended.
Overdosage
Symptoms include blurred vision; clumsiness; confusion; breathing difficulties; dizziness; drowsiness; dry mouth, nose, or throat; rapid heartbeat; fever; hallucinations; weakness; slurred speech; excitement, restlessness, or irritability; warmth; and dry or flushed skin. Take the victim to a hospital emergency room at once. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Children taking dicyclomine may be more likely to develop high body temperature in hot weather and other side effects and should be carefully watched for side effects. Dicyclomine should not be given to infants or children unless the doctor decides that its use is absolutely necessary.
Call your doctor if you develop diarrhea, rash, flushing, eye pain, dry mouth, urinary difficulties, constipation, increased sensitivity to light, or any bothersome or persistent side effect.
Brush and floss your teeth regularly while taking this drug. Because dicyclomine may cause dry mouth, you may be more likely to develop cavities or other dental problems. Ice or hard candy may relieve dry mouth.
Constipation may be treated by using a laxative.
Dicyclomine may make you drowsy or tired and cause blurred vision. Be careful when driving or doing any task that requires concentration.
If you forget take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the dose you forgot and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: A few cases of human malformation were linked to dicyclomine, but studies have shown that the drug has no effect on the fetus. When this drug is considered crucial by your doctor, its potential benefits must be carefully weighed against its risks.
Dicyclomine can reduce the amount of milk produced. Infants given dicyclomine may faint, go limp, and develop breathing problems and seizures. Nursing mothers who must take this drug should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors may be more susceptible to side effects, especially memory loss, changes in mental state, and glaucoma. Seniors may obtain maximum benefit with smaller dosages.

Generic Name
Digoxin (dih-JOX-in) A
Brand Names Digitek
Lanoxicaps
Lanoxin
Type of Drug  Cardiac glycoside.
Prescribed For
Congestive heart failure (CHF) and other heart conditions involving a very rapid heartbeat.
General Information
Digoxin works directly on heart muscle. It improves the heart’s pumping ability or helps to control its beating rhythm. People with heart failure often develop swelling of the lower legs, feet, and ankles; digoxin improves these symptoms by improving blood cir-
Digoxin is generally used as part of the lifelong treatment of CHF.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not use digoxin if you are allergic or sensitive to it. Digoxin allergies are rare.
Digoxin should not be used in people with ventricular fibril-
lation.
Digoxin should be used with caution in people with sick sinus
syndrome or incomplete AV block, as it may cause a worsening of these conditions.
Digoxin has been used to treat obesity. The risk of fatal heart rhythms associated with such treatment makes it extremely dangerous as weight-loss medication. Many heart disease symptoms may be associated with digoxin. Report any unusual side effects to your doctor at once.
Kidney disease may increase blood levels of digoxin. Your dosage may need adjustment.
Long-term use of digoxin may cause the body to lose potassium, especially since it is generally used in combination with diuretics (agents that increase urination). For this reason, be sure to eat a balanced diet and high-potassium foods—bananas, citrus fruits, melons, and tomatoes.
Digoxin should be used with caution in people with electrolyte disorders.
Digoxin requirements vary with thyroid status. If you are taking digoxin and your thyroid status changes, your doctor will have to alter your digoxin dosage.
Possible Side Effects
Adult and Senior
♦    Common: dizziness, headache, nausea, and diarrhea.
✓    Less common: appetite loss, vomiting, weakness, apathy, drowsiness, blurred or yellow-tinted vision, seeing halos around bright lights, depression, psychoses, confusion or disorientation, restlessness, hallucinations, delirium, seizure, nerve pain, abnormal heart rhythms, and slow pulse.
✓    Rare: Enlargement of the breasts has been reported after long-term use of digoxin. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Child
T Children are more likely to develop abnormal heart rhythms before they see yellow or green halos or spots and before they develop nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or stomach pain. Any abnormal heart rhythms that develop while a child is taking digoxin should be assumed to be a side effect.
Drug Interactions
•    Drugs that may increase the effect of digoxin are alprazolam, amiloride aminoglycoside antibiotics, amiodarone, anticholinergic drugs, benzodiazepines, captopril, clarithromycin, diltiazem, diphenoxylate, dipyridamole, erythromycin, esmolol, felodipine, flecainide, hydroxychloroquine, ibuprofen, indomethacin, itraconazole, nifedipine, nitrendipine, omeprazole, propafenone, propantheline, quinidine, quinine, spironolactone, tetracycline, tolbutamide, triamterene, and verapamil.
•    Drugs that may decrease blood levels of digoxin include aminoglutethimide, aminoglycosides, aminosalicylic acid, antacids, anti-cancer combinations, antidiabetes medication, antihistamines, barbiturates, cholestyramine, colestipol, cyclosporine, kaolin-pectin mixtures, metoclopramide, oral kanamycin, oral neomycin, oral sulfonylureas, phenylbutazone, phenytoin and related anti-seizure drugs, rifampin, St. John’s wort, sucralfate, and sulfasalazine.
•    Disopyramide may alter the effects of digoxin, although the exact interaction is not well understood.
•    Thiazide and loop diuretics, furosemide, ethacrynic acid, and bumetanide increase digoxin’s effect and increase the risk of side effects.
•    Spironolactone may increase or decrease the side effects of digoxin; amiloride may reduce the effect of digoxin on the force of heart contraction.
•    The effects of digoxin on the heart may be additive to those of ephedrine, epinephrine and other stimulants, beta blockers, calcium salts, procainamide, and rauwolfia drugs.
•    Digoxin dosage must be adjusted when it is combined with a thyroid drug.
Food Interactions
These drugs may generally be taken without regard to meals. Taking your medication after a high-fiber meal reduces the amourxtcil drug absorbed into your blood.
Usual OQSS
Adult and Child (age 10 and over): starting dosage—known as the digitalizing or loading dose—is about 4-7 mcg per lb. of body weight. Digitalization may also be accomplished with a lower dosage over 7 days. Maintenance dosage    0.125-0.5 mg; it must be corrected for kidney function. For seniors, a lower dosage is required.
Child (under age 1o): starting dosage-5-30 mcg per lb. of body weight. Maintenance dosage-20-35% of the starting dosage. Careful measurement of your child’s digoxin dosage is crucial to safe and effective treatment.
Overdosage
Adult: Symptoms include appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, weakness, apathy, blurred vision, yellow or green spots or halos before the eyes, yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, and changes in heartbeat.
Senior: Vomiting, diarrhea, and eye trouble are frequently seen. Child: An early sign is a change in heart rhythms.
Call your doctor immediately if any of these symptoms appear. Take the victim to a hospital emergency room. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Take each day’s dose at the same time of day.
Do not stop taking digoxin without your doctor’s knowledge.
Lanoxicaps are better absorbed than tablet forms of digoxin. For this reason, each dose of Lanoxicaps is slightly lower than the corresponding digoxin tablet.
Avoid over-the-counter diet and cold medications containing stimulants.
Call your doctor at once if you develop side effects.
There may by some variation between digoxin tablets from different manufacturers. Do not change drug brands without telling your doctor.
Check your pulse every day—your doctor will teach you how—and call your doctor if it drops below 60 beats per minute.
If you forget a dose and remember at least 12 hours before your next dose, take it right away. If you do not remember until it is less than 12 hours before your next dose, skip the one you forgot and continue with your regular schedule. Do “lot take a double dose. Call your doctor if you M1 a dose for 2 or more days.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: Digoxin crosses into the fetal circulation. While digoxin is sometimes used during pregnancy to treat fetal heart disease, women who are or might be pregnant should not take digoxin without their doctor’s approval. When your doc-tor considers this drug crucial, its potential benefits must be care-
fully weighed against its risks.
Small amounts of digoxin pass into breast milk. Nursing mothers who take digoxin should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors are more sensitive to digoxin’s effects, especially appetite loss. Seniors with impaired renal function may need lower
dosages.

Generic Name
Diltiazem (dil-TYE-uh-zem) 92
Brand Names
Cardizem    Dilt-CD
Cardizem CD    Diltia XT
Cardizem LA    Diltzac
Cartia XT    Taztia XT
Dilator XR    Tiazac
Type of Drug
Calcium channel blocker.
Prescribed For
Angina pectoris, chronic stable angina, Raynaud’s disease, prevention of second heart attacks, tardive dyskinesia (severe side effects associated with antipsychotic and other drugs), and hypertension (high blood pressure).
General Information
Diltiazem hydrochloride is one of many calcium channel blockers available in the U.S. These drugs block the passage of calcium, an essential factor in muscle contraction, into the heart and smooth muscles. Such blockage of calcium interferes with the contraction of these muscles, which in turn dilates (widens) the veins and ves sels that supply blood to them. This ditatk”q effect reduces blood pressure, the amount 0 Oxygen used by the heart muscle, and the ~1A 0 blood vessel spasm. Diltiazem is therefore useful in treating not only hypertension but also angina pectoris, a condition related to poor oxygen supply to the heart muscle and characterized by brief attacks of chest pain.
Diltiazem affects the movement of calcium only into muscle cells; it has no effect on calcium in the blood.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take d,1taz&m1f you are allergic or sensitive to any of its
ingredients.
Diltiazem can slow your heart and interfere with normal electrical conduction. For people with a condition called sick sinus syndrome, this can result in temporary heart stoppage.
Diltiazem should not be taken if you are having a heart attack or if you have lung congestion. Diltiazem should be taken with caution by people with heart failure because it can worsen that condition.
Low blood pressure may occur, especially in people also taking a beta blocker.
Studies have shown that people taking calcium channel blockers—usually those taken several times a day, not those taken once daily—have a greater chance of having a heart attack than people taking beta blockers or another medicine for the same purposes. Discuss this with your doctor to be sure you are receiving the best possible treatment.
Diltiazem can cause severe liver damage and should be taken with caution if you have had hepatitis or any other liver condition.
Caution should also be exercised if you have a history of kidney problems, although no clear tendency toward causing kidney damage is seen with this drug.
Possible Side Effects
♦    Common: dizziness, lightheadedness, weakness, head-
ache, and fluid accumulation in the hands, legs, or feet.
✓    Less common: low blood pressure, fainting, increase or decrease in heart rate, abnormal heart rhythm, heart failure, nervousness, fatigue, nausea, rash, tingling in the hands or feet, hallucinations, temporary memory loss, difficulty sleeping, diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, upset stomach, itching, unusual sensitivity to sunlight, paxnlu) or stiff joints, liver inflammation, and increased urination, especially at night.
Drug Interactions
•    Diltiazem taken with a beta-blocking drug for hypertension is usually well tolerated, but may lead to heart failure in people with already weakened hearts.
•    Calcium channel blockers, including diltiazem, may add to
the effects of digoxin. This effect is not observed with any
consistency, however, and only affects people with a large
amount of digoxin already in their systems.
•    Cimetidine and ranitidine increase the amount of diltiazem in the bloodstream and may account for a slight increase in the drug’s effect.
•    Diltiazem may increase blood levels of cyclosporine, carbamazepine, encainide, and theophylline, and thus increase the chance of side effects from these drugs.
•    Diltiazem may cause a decrease in blood lithium levels, possibly undermining lithium’s antimanic effect.
•    Calcium channel blockers may cause bleeding when taken alone or combined with aspirin.
Food Interactions
Diltiazem is best taken on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Usual Dose
Immediate-Release Products 30-60 mg 4 times a day.
Sustained-Release/Extended-Release Products Cardizem CD: 120-480 mg once a day. Cardizem LA: 120-540 mg once a day. Cartia XT: 120-300 mg once a day. Dilacor XR: 180-480 mg once a day. Dilt-CD: 120-360 mg once a day. Diltia XT: 180-480 mg once a day. Diltzac: 120-360 mg once a day. Taztia XT: 120-150 mg once a day. Tiazac: 120-360 mg once a day.
Overdosage
Symptoms of diltiazem overdose are very low blood pressure and reduced heart rate. Overdose victims must be made to vomit with 1J)8C2c syrup—available at any pharmacy—within 30 minutes of taking the overdose. Do not induce vomiting if the victim has fainted or is convulsing. If overdose symptoms have developed or more than 30 minutes have passed, vomiting is of little value. Take the victim to a hospital emergency room immediately. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special information
Call your doctor if you develop any of the following symptoms! swelling of the hands, legs, or feet-, severe dizziness; constipation or nausea; or very low blood pressure.
Do not open, chew, or crush sustained-release capsules of
diltiazem.
If you take your diltiazem 3 or 4 times a day and forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. Space the remaining doses throughout the rest of the day. If you take diltiazem 1 or 2 times a day and forget to take a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you forgot and continue with your regular schedule. Never take a double dose.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: In animal studies. high doses of diltiazem interfered with the development of the fetus. Diltiazem should not be taken by women who are or might be pregnant. When your doctor considers this drug crucial, its potential benefits must be carefully weighed against its risks.
Because diltiazem passes into breast milk, nursing mothers taking this drug should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors may be more sensitive to the effects of this drug because it takes longer to pass out of their bodies.

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Type of Drug
Cholinesterase Inhibitors
(KO-lin-ESS-tuh -rase)
Brand Names
Generic Ingredient.- Donepezil
Aricept    Aricept ODT
Generic Ingredient: Galantamine
Razadyne    Razadyne ER
Generic Ingredient: Rivastigmine
Exelon    Exelon Transdermal System
Generic Ingredient: Tacrine Cognex
Prescribed For
Alzheimer’s disease. Also used for vascular dementia, dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease, poststroke aphasia (problems with language), and improvement of memory in multiple sclerosis patients.
General Information
Cholinesterase inhibitors work by increasing the function of certain receptors in the brain that are stimulated by the hosmone acetylcholine. They do t.Ns by interfering with cholinesterase, the 1617yme that breaks down acetylcholine. People with Alzheimer’s disease (a degenerative condition of the central nervous system) develop a shortage of this brain chemical early in the disease. There is no evidence that cholinesterase inhibitors reverse the degenerative effects of Alzheimer’s, but they may slow the rate at which the disease worsens.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take cholinesterase inhibitors if you are allergic or sensitive to any of their ingredients.
Cholinesterase inhibitors must be discontinued before surgery because they increase the effects of anesthetic drugs.
People with heart disease should use cholinesterase inhibitors with caution because they may slow heart rate and cause fainting. Two studies of people with mild symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease taking galantamine revealed a higher rate of death from heart attack, stroke, or sudden death.
Cholinesterase inhibitors may be expected to cause increased stomach acid production and increased activity of the gastrointestinal tract. Possible complications include ulcers or bleeding. Alcohol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin or ibuprofen may worsen this effect.
Using cholinesterase inhibitors may also lead to urinary blockage, increase the risk of generalized seizures, and worsen asthma or other pulmonary diseases. Use with caution if you have these conditions.
People with severe liver dysfunction should not take galantamine or tacrine.
Possible Side Effects
People taking cholinesterase inhibitors generally experience side effects at about the same rate as those taking a placebo (sugar pill).
♦    Most common: headache, general pain, accidents, nausea, diarrhea, sleeplessness, and dizziness.
✓    Common: tiredness, vomiting, appetite loss, and muscle cramps.
♦    Less common: arthritis, depression, abnormal dreams, fainting, black-and-blue marks, and weight loss.
✓    Rare: Rare side effects can occur in almost any part of the body. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
•    Cholinesterase inhibitors interfere with anticholinergic drugs (often prescribed for stomach disorders).
•    Cholinesterase inhibitors can be expected to increase the ef-
fects of cevimeline, surgical anesthetic drugs, and drugs that
irritate the stomach and intestines, such as aspirin, ibupro-
fen, and other NSAIDs.
•    The breakdown of cholinesterase inhibitors (except rivastigmine) in the liver can be slowed by ketoconazole, itraconazole, quinidine, delavirdine, indinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, amiodarone, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, clarithromycin, diltiazem, erythromycin, fluconazole, fluvoxamine, celecoxib, chlorpheniramine, clomipramine, cocaine, doxorubicin, fluoxetine, halofantrine, halopendol, levopromazine, methadone, mibefradil, paroxetine, ranitidine, terbinafine, mifepristone, nefazodone, and grapefruit juice.
•    The breakdown of cholinesterase inhibitors (except rivastigmine) in the liver can be increased by efavirenz, nevirapine, barbiturates, carbamazepine, corticosteroids, phenytoin, pioglitazone, and rifampin.
Food Interactions
Donepezil can be taken with or without food.
Galantamine and rivastigmine should be taken with morning and evening meals.
The rivastigmine transdermal system patch can be used without regard to meals.
Food reduces the absorption of tacrine into the blood. It is best taken on an empty stomach, but you can take it with food if it upsets your stomach.
Usual Dose
Donepezil
Adult: 5 or 10 mg once a day.
Galantamine
Adult: 8-32 mg a day.
Rivastigmine
Adult: 3-12 mg a day, divided into 2 doses.
RiVUtq1M&A0Y2nsdermaI patch
Adult: Apply one 4.6-mg patch every day to start. Dose may be increased to one 9.5-mg patch every day.
Tacrine
Adult: 40-160 mg a day, divided into 4 doses.
Overdosage
Cholinesterase inhibitor overdose can be very serious. Symptoms include severe nausea, vomiting, salivation, sweating, slow heart rate, low blood pressure, slow breathing rate, convulsions, muscle weakness, and collapse. Take the overdose victim to a hospital emergency room at once. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Donepezil should be taken just before bedtime.
Follow the special package directions for rivastigmine solution.
Do not remove the rivastigmine patch from its packaging until just before you are ready to apply it. Apply the patch to clean, dry, and hairless skin on the upper or lower back, upper arm, or chest that is also free of any powder, oil, moisturizer, or lotion that could keep the patch from sticking to your skin properly; skin should also be free of cuts, rashes, and irritations. Avoid places where the patch can be rubbed off by tight clothing. When changing your patch, apply your new patch to a different spot of skin (for example, on the right side of your body one day, then on the left side the next day). Do not use the same spot more than once every 14 days. Wear only one patch at a time and change it every.24 hours. If the patch falls off, apply a new patch for the rest of the day, then replace the patch the next day at the same time as usual.
Tobacco or nicotine use increases the rate at which tacrine and rivastigmine are cleared from the body.
If you forget a dose and take your medication once a day, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the dose you forgot and continue with the regular schedule. If you take your medication 2 or more times a day, take your dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the dose you forgot and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: One animal study of a cholinesterase inhibitor indicated a small risk of birth defects. When your doctor considers this drug crucial, its potential benefits must be carefully weighed against its risks.
It is not known if cholinesterase inhibitors pass into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must take this drug should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors with moderate kidney function loss should not take galantamine. Dosage adjustments are not needed for donepezil, tacrine, or rivastigmine.

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Generic Name
Cholestyramine (kol-es-TYE-rah-meen) 0
Brand Names
LoCHOLEST    Questran
LoCHOLEST Light    Questran Light Prevalite
The information in this profile also applies to the following drugs:
Generic Ingredient: Colesevelam Hydrochloride WelChol
Generic Ingredient: Colestipol Hydrochloride Colestid
Type of Drug
Anti -hyperli pidemic (blood-fat reducer).
Prescribed For
High blood-cholesterol levels; generalized itching associated with bile duct obstruction—cholestyramine only; colitis; digitalis or thyroid overdose; and pesticide poisoning.
General Information
Cholestyramine resin lowers blood-cholesterol levels by absorbing bile acids in the bowel. Since the body uses cholesterol to make the bile acids—needed to digest fat—fat digestion can only continue by making more bile acid from blood cholesterol. This results in lower blood-cholesterol levels 4-7 days after starting cholestyramine.
Cholestyramine w3Cks entirely Within the bowel and is never absorbed into the bloodstream. Though usually given 3-4 times a day, there appears to be no advantage to taking it more often than twice a day. The cholesterol-lowering effect of cholestyramine may be increased when it is taken with an HMG-CoA inhibitor or nicotinic acid. In some kinds of hyperlipidemia, colestipol may be more effective in lowering total blood cholesterol than clofibrate.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not use cholestyramine if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients or if your bile duct is blocked. The powder form should not be taken dry; doing so may result in the inhalation of powder into your lungs or a clogged esophagus.
If you are being treated for hypothyroidism, diabetes, kidney or blood vessel disorder, obstructive liver disease, or alcholism, consult your doctor before taking cholestyramine.
Cholestyramine may cause or worsen constipation and hemorrhoids. Most constipation is mild, but some people may need to stop the medication or take less of it.
Possible Side Effects
✓    Most common: constipation, which may be severe and in rare cases result in bowel impaction. Hemorrhoids may be worsened.
♦    Less common: abdominal pain and bloating, and bleeding disorders or black-and-blue marks due to interference with the absorption of vitamin K, a necessary factor in the blood clotting process. One person developed night-blindness because the medication interfered with vitamin A absorption into the blood. Other side effects include belching, gas, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, heartburn, and appetite loss. Your stool may have an unusual appearance because of a high fat level.
✓    Rare: Rare side effects can affect your mouth, stomach and intestines, muscles and joints, mental status, urinary tract, and breathing. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
O    Cholestyramine interferes with the absorption of virtually all oral drugs, including acetaminophen, amiodarone, aspirin, cephalexin, chenodiol, clindamycin, clofibrate, contraceptive drugs, corticosteroids, diclofenac, iopanoic acid, iron, digitalis drugs, furosemide, gemfibrozil, glipizide, hydrocortisone, imipramine (an antidepressant), methyldopa, mycophenolate, nicotinic acid, penicillin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, piroxicam, propranolol, tetracycline, thiazide diuretics, thyroid drugs, tolbutamide, trimethoprim, ursodiol, warfarin and other anticoagulant (blood-thinning) drugs, and vitamins A, D, E, and K. Take other medications at least 1 hour before or 4-6 hours after taking cholestyramine.
Food Interactions
Take this medication before meals. The powder may be mixed with soda, water, juice, cereal, or pulpy fruits, such as applesauce or crushed pineapple. Cholestyramine bars should be thoroughly chewed and taken with plenty of fluids. Colestipol pills are swallowed whole.
Usual Dose
Cholestyramine: 4 g (1 packet) or 1 level scoopful taken 1-2 times a day or up to 6 times a day.
Colesevelam: 6 tablets once a day or in 2 divided doses. Colestipol: 2-16 g (1-6 packets) once a day or in divided doses.
Overdosage
The most severe effect of overdose is obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. Take the overdose victim to a hospital emergency room. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Do not swallow the granules or powder in their dry form. Prepare each packet of powder by mixing it with soup, cereal, or pulpy fruit or by adding the powder to a 6-oz. glass of liquid, such as a carbonated beverage. If some of the drug sticks to the sides of the glass, rinse it with liquid and drink the remainder.
Constipation, gas, nausea, and heartburn may occur and then disappear with continued use of this medication. If constipation is a problem, your doctor may recommend drinking more fluids and taking a fiber supplement. Call your doctor if these side effects persist or if you develop unusual problems such as bleeding from the gums or rectum.
If you miss a dose of cholestyramine, skip it and continue with your regular scheduke. Do not take a double dose.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: While cholestyramine does not affect the fetus directly, it may prevent the absorption of vitamins A, D, and E and other nutrients essential to the fetus’ proper development–even when you take, a prenatal vitamin supplement.
When this drug is considered crucial by your doctor, its potential benefits must be carefully weighed against its risks.
Cholestyramine is not absorbed into the body. However, reduced absorption of vitamins A, D, and E and other nutrients may make your milk less nutritious. Nursing mothers who must take cholestyramine should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors are more likely to experience side effects, especially those relating to the bowel.

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Generic Name
Chlorzoxazone (klor-M-uh-zone)
Brand Names
Parafon Forte DSC    Strifon Forte DSC
Type of Drug
Skeletal muscle relaxant.
Prescribed For
Pain and spasm of muscular conditions, including strain, sprain, bruising, and lower back problems.
General Information
Chlorzoxazone works primarily on the spinal cord level and on the brain, acting as a mild sedative. This results in fewer spasms, less pain, and greater mobility. Chlorzoxazone provides only temporary relief and is not a substitute for other types of therapy, such as rest, surgery, and physical therapy.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take chlorzoxazone if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients, or if you have a condition known as porphyria.
People with poor liver or kidney function should take this drug with caution because serious liver toxicity has rarely occurred in people using chlorzoxazone.
Chlorzoxazone may interact with other drugs that cause nervous system depression (see “Drug Interactions”).
Because it is possible to become dependent on this drug, people with a history of substance abuse should take chlorzoxazone with caution.
Possible Side Effects
♦    Most common: dizziness, drowsiness, lightheadedness, malaise, and aveTStimulation,
♦    Less common: headache, stomach cramps or pain, diar-
rhea, constipation, heartburn, nausea, and vomiting.
•    Rare: internal bleeding, liver problems, severe allergic-type skin reactions, and breathing problems. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
• The depressive effects of chlorzoxazone may be enhanced by taking it with alcohol, sedatives, sleeping pills, or other nervous system depressants. Avoid these combinations.
Food Interactions
Take this drug with food if it upsets your stomach. The tablets may be crushed and mixed with food.
Usual Dose
Adult: 250-750 mg 3-4 times a day. Child: 125-500 mg 3-4 times a day.
Do not take more medication than is prescribed.
Overdosage
Early signs of chlorzoxazone overdose may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, and headache. Victims may also feel sluggish or sickly and lose the ability to move their muscles. Breathing may become slow or irregular, and blood pressure may drop. Contact a doctor immediately or go to a hospital emergency room for treatment. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Chlorzoxazone may make you drowsy or reduce your ability to concentrate. Be extremely careful while driving or operating hazardous equipment. Avoid alcoholic beverages.
Chlorzoxazone may turn your urine orange to purple-red; this is not dangerous.
Call your doctor if you develop drowsiness, weakness, an allergic reaction, skin rash or itching, breathing difficulties, black or tarry stools, vomiting of material that resembles coffee grounds, liver problems, or any other severe or bothersome side effect.
4f you miss a dose of chlorzoxazone by more than an hour, skip the dose you forgot and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: The safety of chlorzoxazone in pregnant women has not been established. Pregnant women should only take chlorzoxazone after carefully weighing its potential benefits against its risks.
It is not known if chlorzoxazone passes into breast milk. Nursing mothers should consider using infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors, especially those with severe liver disease, are more sensitive to the effects of chlorzoxazone.

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Generic Name
Chlorpheniramine Maleate
(KLOR-ten-ERE-uh-mene MAL-ee-ate) M
Brand Names
Aller-Chlor    Efidac 24
Chlor-Trimeton    Pediox S
Chlor-Trimeton Allergy 8 Hour    Prohist+8 Chlor-Trimeton Allergy 12 Hour QDALL AR
The information in this profile also applies to the following drugs: Generic Ingredient: Cyproheptadine Hydrochloride 0
Generic Ingredient: Dexchlorpheniramine Maleate 19
Type of Drug Antihistamine,
Prescribed For
Stuffy and runny nose, itchy eyes, and scratchy throat caused by seasonal allergy, and other symptoms of allergy such as rash, itching, and hives.
General Information
Antihistamines generally work by blocking the release of histamine (a chemical released by body tissue during an allergic reaction) from body cells at the H, histamine receptor site, drying up secretions of the nose, throat, and eyes.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not use this drug if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients.
Use chlorpheniramine maleate with care if you have a history of thyroid disease, heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes. This drug should be avoided or used with extreme care if you have narrow-angle glaucoma, stomach ulcer or other stomach problems, enlarged prostate, or problems passing urine. It should not be used by people who have deep-breathing problems such as asthma, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis.
Possible Side Effects
V Less common: rash or itching, sensitivity to bright light, increased sweating, chills, lowered blood pressure, headache, rapid heartbeat, sleeplessness, dizziness, disturbed coordination, confusion, restlessness, nervousness, irritability, euphoria (feeling “high”), tingling in the hands or feet, blurred or double vision, ringing in the ears, upset stomach, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, urinary difficulties, chest tightness, wheezing, stuffy nose, and dryness of the mouth, nose, or throat. Young children may also develop nervousness, irritability, tension, and anxiety.
Drug Interactions
•    chlorpheniramine maleate should not be taken with a mono-amine oxidase inhibitQ(aMkdepiessank, because the combination may cause severe side effects.
•    The effects of sedatives, benzodiazepines such as diazepam, and sleeping medications will be increased when any of these drugs is combined with chlorpheniramine maleate. It is extremely important for your doctor to know if you are taking any other medication with chlorpheniramine maleate so that the dosage of that medication can be properly adjusted.
•    Anti chol inergenics may cause an increase in side effects of chlorpheniramine maleate.
•    Be extremely cautious when drinking alcoholic beverages while taking this drug, which enhances the intoxicating and sedating effects of alcohol.
Food Interactions
You may take this drug with food if it upsets your stomach.
Usual Dose
chlorpheniramine
Adult and Child (age 13 and over): 4 mg every 4-6 hours; do not take more than 24 mg a day.
Child (age 6-12): 2 mg every 4-6 hours; do not take more than 12 mg a day.
Child (age 2-5): 1 mg every 4-6 hours; do not take more than 4 mg a day.
chlorpheniramine, Sustained-Release
Adult and Child (age 13 and over): 8-12 mg at bedtime, or every 8-12 hours during the day; do not take more than 24 mg a day. Child (age 6-12): 8 mg during the day or at bedtime.
Child (under age 6): not recommended.
Cyproheptadine
Adult and Child (age 15 and over): 4-20 mg a day; do not exceed 32 mg a day.
Child (age 7-14): 4 mg 2-3 times a day; do not exceed 16 mg a day.
Child (age 2-6): 2 mg 2-3 times a day; do not exceed 12 mg a day.
Dexchlorpheniramine
Adult and Child (age 12 and over): 2 mg every 4-6 hours. Child (age 6-11): 1 mg every 4-6 hours.
Child (age 2-5): 0.5 mg every 4-6 hours.
Dexchlorpheniramine, Sustained-Release
Adult and Child (age 12 and over): 4-6 mg every 8-10 hours and at bedtime.
Child (age 6-11): 4 mg once a day and at bedtime. Child (under age 6): not recommended.
Tripelennamine
Adult and Child (age 12 and over): 25-50 mg every 4-6 hours; do not take more than 600 mg a day. Adults may take up to 3100-mg, sustained-release tablets a day, although this much is not usually needed.
Child (under age 12): 2 mg per lb. of body weight a day in divided doses; no more than 300 mg a day should be given.
Overdosage
Symptoms of overdose include depression or stimulation, especially in children; dry mouth: fixed or dilated pupils; flushing of the skin; upset stomach; unsteadiness; and convulsions. Overdose victims should be made to vomit as soon as possible with ipecac syrup—available at any pharmacy—to remove excess drug from the stomach. Take the victim to a hospital emergency room immediately if the victim is unconscious.or if you cannot induce vomiting. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
This drug may cause tiredness or loss of concentration: Be extremely cautious when driving or doing anything that requires close attention.
If you forget a dose of this drug, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you forgot and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
Special Populations
PregnancylBreast-feeding., Animal studies have shown that some antihistamines may cause birth defects. Do not take any antihistamine without your doctor’s knowledge if you are or might be pregnant—especially during the last 3 months of pregnancy, because newborns may have severe reactions to antihistamines.
Small amounts of some antihistamines pass into breast milk. NV ing mothers who must take chlorpheniramine maleate should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors are more sensitive to antihistamine side effects. Dosage reduction may be needed.

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Generic Name
Acyclovir (ae-SYE-kloe-vir) 4i
Brand Name Zovirax
Type of Drug Antiviral.
Prescribed For
Initial treatment and maintenance of genital herpes outbreaks; treatment of herpes zoster (shingles); and treatment of varicella (chickenpox).
General Information
Acyclovir is the only oral drug that reduces growth rates of the herpes virus and the related viruses, Epstein-Barr, varicella, and cytomegalovirus (CMV); both oral acyclovir and oral ganciclovir work against CMV Intravenous drugs, including acyclovir injection, may also be used for these viral infections; however, intravenous antiviral drugs are usually reserved for patients with HIV, cancer, or otherwise compromised immune systems.
Acyclovir is selectively absorbed into cells that are infected with the herpes simplex virus, where it is converted into its active form. Acyclovir works by interfering with the reproduction of viral DNA, slowing the growth of existing viruses. It has little effect on recurrent infections. To treat both local and systemic (whole-body) symptoms acyclovir must be given by intravenous injection or taken by mouth. Local symptoms may be treated with the ointment alone. Oral acyclovir may be taken every day to reduce the number and severity of herpes attacks in people who suffer 10 or more attacks a year; it may also be used to treat intermittent attacks as they occur, but treatment must be started as soon as possible to have the greatest effect.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not use acyclovir if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients. Do not use acyclovir ointment if you have had an allergic reaction to it or to the major component of the ointment base, polyethylene glycol. Do not apply acyclovir ointment inside the vagina because the polyethylene glycol base may cause irritation and swelling of sensitive vaginal tissue. Acyclovir ointment is not intended for use in the eye and should not be used to treat a herpes infection of the eye.
Renal failure has occurred in patients using oral acyclovir, in some cases resulting in death. People with kidney impairment should have dosages adjusted accordingly.
Maintain adequate hydration while taking oral acyclovir. Animal testing indicates that acyclovir may affect fertility in men. These effects may be reversible.
Possible Side Effects
Capsules, Suspension, and Tablets
✓    Most common: feeling unwell, headache, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
✓    Less common: appetite loss, stomach gas, constipation, fatigue, rash, leg pains, sore throat, a bad taste in the mouth, sleeplessness, and fever.
♦    Rare: aching joints, weakness, and tingling in the hands or feet. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Ointment
✓    Most common: mild burning, irritation, rash, and itching. These effects are more likely to occur when treating an initial herpes attack than a recurrent attack. Women are 4 times more likely to experience burning than men.
Drug Interactions
•    Do not apply acyclovir together with any other ointment or topical medication.
•    Oral probenecid may decrease elimination of acyclovir from the body, which increases blood levels of oral or injected acyclovir, increasing the risk of side effects.
•    Combining acyclovir and zidovudine (an HIV drug—also known as AZT) may lead to severe drowsiness and lethargy.
Food Interactions
Acyclovir may be taken with food if it upsets your stomach.

Usual Dose
Capsules, Suspension, and Tablets
Adult: genital herpes attack-200 mg every 4 hours, 5 times a day for 10 days. Recurrent infections-400 mg 3 times a day or 200 mg 5 times a day for 5 days. Suppressive therapy for chronic herpes-800 mg a day, every day for up to a year. Herpes zoster800 mg 5 times a day for 7-10 days.
Child (age 2 and over): Acyclovir has been given to children in daily doses as high as 36 mg per lb. of body weight without any unusual side effects.
Child (under age 2): not recommended.
If you have kidney disease, your doctor should adjust your dose according to the degree of functional loss.
Ointment: Apply every 3 hours, 6 times a day for 7 days. Apply enough medication to cover all visible skin lesions. About 1/2 in. of ointment should cover about 4 sq. in. of lesions. Your doctor may prescribe a longer course of treatment to prevent the delayed formation of new lesions over the duration of an attack. Begin using ointment at the first sign of an attack.
Overdosage
Overdose of oral acyclovir may lead to kidney damage due to deposits of acyclovir crystals in the kidneys. Other side effects include agitation, seizures, lethargy, and coma. The risk of experiencing toxic side effects from swallowing acyclovir ointment is quite small. In the case of overdose or accidental ingestion, call your poison control center. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Use a finger cot or rubber glove when applying acyclovir ointment to protect against inadvertently spreading the virus. Be sure to apply the medication exactly as directed and to completely cover all lesions. Keep affected areas clean and dry. Loose-fitting clothing will reduce possible irritation of a healing lesion. If you skip several doses, or a day or more of treatment, the drug will not exert its maximum effect.
Acyclovir is not a cure for genital herpes. Herpes may be transmitted even if you do not have symptoms of active disease. To avoid giving the condition to a sexual partner, do not have intercourse while visible herpes lesions are present. A condom offers some protection against transmission of the herpes virus, but spermicidal products and diaphragms do not. Acyclovir alone will not prevent herpes transmission.
Initiate therapy at the first sign of symptoms.
Women with genital herpes have an increased risk of cervical cancer. Speak with your doctor about the need for an annual Pap smear.
Call your doctor if acyclovir does not relieve your symptoms, if side effects become severe or intolerable, or if you become pregnant or want to begin breast-feeding. Check with your dentist if you notice swelling or tenderness of the gums.
Avoid exposure to excessive sunlight or sunlamps because of unusual sensitivity caused by oral acyclovir.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: Acyclovir crosses into the circulation of the fetus. Animal studies have shown that large doses—up to 125 times the human dose—cause damage to both mother and fetus. While there is no information to indicate that acyclovir affects a human fetus, do not use it during pregnancy unless it is specifically prescribed by your doctor and the possible benefit outweighs the risk.
Acyclovir passes into breast milk in concentrations up to 4 times the concentration in blood, and it has been found in the urine of a nursing infant. Although no side effects have been found in nursing babies, mothers who must take acyclovir should use infant formula.
Seniors: Shingles attacks in people over age 50 tend to be more severe and respond best to acyclovir treatment if the drug is started within 48-72 hours of the appearance of the first rash. Seniors with reduced kidney function should be given a lower dose of oral acyclovir than younger adults.

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In a man over the age of 70, the survival rate is about 50 per cent prilosec infant . It is higher in a younger man - the younger he is,
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WHAT CAUSES IT?
The exact cause of prostate cancer remains a mystery, though the male hormone testosterone appears to have some
involvement lithium polymer battery pv use . Quite what that is, though, is not certain testosterone shot women .
Certain risk factors have, however, been identified breast cancer risperdal . Firstly, and like a great many cancers, cancer of the prostate is
known to run in families mobic 15 mg infomation . If a close relative - say, a brother or father - has cancer of the prostate, a man’s risk of’
developing the disease seems to be nearly three times greater than that of a man who does not have any family history of
the disease phenergan black box warning . If a man has more than one relative with prostate cancer - say, a grandfather or uncle as well as a brother
or father - his chances of developing the disease are as many as six times greater than that of a man who does not have
any family history of the disease evista buy online .
There do, however, seem to be other factors involved brain shiver symptoms from withdrawal effexor . Diet is one of these mrsa osteomyelitis vacomycin efficacy zyvox efficacy . The typical UK diet, for example - which is
usually low in green vegetables, fruit and pulses and high in animal fats in the form of meat and dairy products - may
well be a contributing factor lithium manganese battery charging .
According to the Cancer Research Campaign, black American men have the highest incidence of prostate cancer, with some 50
per cent more cases than in the US white male population soma muscle relax . This is probably because they have a higher than usual level of
testosterone prednisone how fast does it work .
The number of sexual partners a man has had may have a link with the development of prostate cancer, though this has not
been proved prevacid how long . In particular, the wart virus (human papilloma virus), which is usually sexually transmitted, may increase a
man’s chances of developing cancer of the prostate, in much the same way as it predisposes a woman to developing cancer
of the cervix maker of zoloft .
SYMPTOMS
Very often there are, unfortunately, no early signs of prostate cancer casodex pharmacy . which makes its early detection very difficult overnight generic viagra american express .
The great majority - up to 90 per cent - of cancers begin on the outside of the prostate, which means that they do not
usually obstruct urinary flow in the early stages of the disease, and can therefore go unnoticed for some time effects of metoprolol succ er .
And they can remain undetected for some time because prostate cancer is very slow in spreading amoxicillin trying to conceive . It may be as long as four
years before the cancer has doubled in size, and this, too, makes its early diagnosis very difficult unless people have
routine screening for the disease soft drink caffeine amounts .
In its later stages, however, prostate cancer has similar symptoms to those of an enlarged prostate clindamycin pharmacophore . It is not unusual,
in fact, for a man who is being investigated for an enlarged prostate to have cancer diagnosed wikipedia metronidazole . That is not intended to
be alarmist, however, and any man who is being investigated for an enlarged prostate should not panic fluticasone propionate high blood pressure . An enlarged
prostate is ten times more common than prostate cancer, so the odds are greatly in your favour - it’s just that the two
conditions do have similar symptoms allegra breedlove harry potter . As has already been discussed (see Chapter 5), the symptoms of an enlarged prostate
are:
• A weak, sluggish urinary stream, which may be particularly noticeable first thing in the morning; you may notice
this as a thin stream, or you may not be able to urinate as high or as far as you used to tetracycline uti mg achromycin .
• Difficulty in starting the flow of urine, known as hesitancy date cialis was released by fda .
• A tendency to stop and start urinating, known as an intermittent flow testosterone propionate or cypionate .
• The feeling that you haven’t quite emptied your bladder and that there is more to come tetracycline hydrochloride cas .
• Straining to pass water baclofen uses .
• Incontinence - this is not an inevitable part of old age, it is a sign that there is something wrong zovirax 5 .
• Dribbling of urine coin lithium batteries .
• Urinary retention cipro 500 mg .
• Pain or discomfort on passing water, known as dysuria what does flagyl do .
• Blood in the urine, known as haematuria diltia xt 240mg sode effects stoping .
• The need to rush urgently to the toilet to pass water relieve cymbalta withdrawal symptoms .
• Increasingly frequent need to pass water - perhaps as often as every two hours who use zyrtec .
• Having to get up in the night to pass water fexofenadine hcl 180 mg tab .
• The need to push or strain to pass water photograph of omeprazole 20mg .
• Blood in the semen, known as haemospermia terbinafine 250mg tablet .
There may, however, be no urinary symptoms at all prazosin maximum dosage . The first sign of the disease may be from secondary growths, or
metastases, of the cancer, which are most commonly in the bones side effects of cardizem cd . Prostate cancer has a tendency to spread to the bones,
and this happens in a high proportion of cases risks of coumadin .
Symptoms of cancer of the bone:
• Pain in the bone, which is often worse at night celecoxib poland .
• Bone tenderness no perscription buy for azithromycin .
• Brittle bones, which may suddenly break without any injury medications oxytrol dis 3.9 mg 24 .
• Fatigue generic didronel .
• Loss of appetite nursing standing orders for coumadin .
• Weight loss levothyroxine nausea dizziness .
• Anaemia apris birth control .
Bone cancer
A malignant growth in the bone can be primary, in which case it originates in the bone itself: or secondary, in which
case it has spread from cancer elsewhere in the body avandia and congestive heart failure . Secondary bone cancer, or metastatic cancer, is more common than
primary bone cancer, and prostate cancer is one of the cancers that spreads readily to the bone codeine allergy tramadol .
Bone metastases occur most commonly in:
• The spine diet for coumadin patient .
• The ribs neurontin withdrawal .
• The hips lexapro help to purchase medicine .
• The pelvis dose gabapentin pain .
• The upper legs promethazine routes of administration .
• The skull is bactrim effective for diverticulitis .
Secondary bone cancers from the prostate often respond well to hormonal treatment, including oestrogen or hypothalamic
hormones premarin price . Sometimes the most effective treatment may be by removal of the testes, or adrenal glands drink alcohol with fluoxetine capsules . The administration
of a radioactive isotope such as Metastron is used to relieve pain from bone cancer isosorbide dinitrate cream .

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PROSTATE CANCER
Cancer is the word that has brought agonizing pain and terror to the last half of the twentieth century does cialis have a taste . To most people cancer means death zelnorm drug recall . Many still think that a man with cancer has a death sentence prozac cause of extreme nervousness . Not true viagra trip in thailand .
Increasingly in this last decade of the century it is proving not necessarily so court order florida clonidine . There are hundreds of different kinds and types of cancers, the medical experts tell us, and some can and are being cured finasteride hair .
One of those types of cancer strikes men in their prostate luvox fluvoxamine obsessive-compulsive disorder . Cancer is described as being an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells diludid and phenergan . Cancer cells can spread quickly throughout the body through the blood stream and the lymph system fortament compare glucovance . Wherever they lite they create new tumors that begin replacing the normal tissue ingredients of augmentin 1000 xr .
Some types don’t move at all, some are aggressive and attack different parts of the body quickly first testosterone mc 2 for women . Cancer can develop in the lymphatic system, in bones, a man’s lungs, chest, throat, colon, stomach, even his brain generic cialis united states .
One of the areas cancer hits in a man is his prostate does seroquel make you gain weight . When cancer strikes a man’s prostate it is usually what doctors call a primary cancer brand of coffee most caffeine . This simply means the cancer begins, originates, in the prostate and has not been transported there from some other cancer in another part of the body lexapro alturnatives .
WHAT CAUSES PROSTATE CANCER?
Scientists say there are hundreds of different kinds of cancer and they undoubtedly are caused by hundreds of different inciters propecia active ingredient . A few of the cancers have been researched enough so the medical people have the beginnings of the causes of them and can then go ahead and utilize some kind of anti-body to stop or kill the cancer amlodipine benazapril combination . Massive research is going on for many forms of cancer, but less than one percent of that work is being done on prostate cancer mylan omeprazole .
What this says is that there probably won’t be a miracle cure for prostate cancer within the lifetimes of most of us lasix surgery raleigh nc . That, like some of the preventive inoculation vaccines we have, will have to be applied to our children or our grandchildren concentration of levofloxacin on escherichia coli . So who can develop prostate cancer?
Unlike smoking and lung cancer, there isn’t even a hint of what might cause prostate cancer birth control and coumadin . Most researchers have ruled out any of the usual work and behavior activities such as alcohol, diet, work place, smoking, venereal diseases, too much sex or too little, or any other currently defined lifestyle louisiana medicaid zyrtec .
There is one exception: men who work in nearly constant exhaust fumes from cars and those exposed to cadmium in the work place, are found to be at slightly higher risks of prostate cancer than the rest of us evista tabs .
The one constant in prostate cancer and man seems to be age how can testosterone effect your body . As with the enlargement of the prostate, cancer seems to strike older men cymbalta and high blood alcohol count . Yes, some men die of prostate cancer in their forties, but most of the confrontations with the disease comes when men are over sixty d-l150 lithium ion .
One researcher reports that the average age of men who are diagnosed as having cancer is seventy-two 1 5mg propecia . Slightly over eighty percent of all prostate cancers reported come in men who are over the age of sixty-five myerstown pa manufacturing aleve .
Most doctors understand that by the age of eighty, nearly eighty percent of men have cancer of the prostate to some degree too much synthroid medication . It may have been dormant for years, or it may just be starting and of a type that will grow slowly under active thyroid metronidazole . Most of these men will never develop any symptoms of prostate cancer and will die of some cause not related to their prostate cancer soma by .
Most of our readers probably know someone who either has prostate cancer or has died of it generic equivalent for cozaar . The American Cancer Society says that one out of eleven white Americans will develop cancer of the prostate during his lifetime cipro tablets maximum dose . With black American men the figure is one in nine cardizem cr 30 .
Nearly 100,000 prostate cancer cases are reported by doctors each year strattera yeast infection . With men living longer now each year, there is expected to be an increasing number of prostate cancers 50 atenolol mg . Men are simply living longer now and that’s when the disease develops viagra for masturbation .
The American Cancer Society reports that nearly 28,000 men died of prostate cancer last year junel metformin .
WHAT CAN THE AVERAGE MAN DO?
The problem is far from hopeless antibiotic premedication either than erythromycin . They key to any cancer, and especially prostate cancer, is to catch the problem as early as possible dell laptop lithium battery . Some urologists suggest that all men over forty should have a digital rectal examination once a year prozac insomnia posts .
Most of these examinations will be negative, which is good news to the man examined penicillin on humans . We do dozens of examinations each year on people and expect negative results viagra online shop . Cholesterol testing is done routinely on people in their twenties and thirties, but the problem usually isn’t critical until much later in life 10mg zyrtec . Chest X-rays are done routinely with usually a 99% negative result atenolol increasing klonopin .
Testing for prostate cancer should be as routine for all men over forty quetiapine and fentanyl . Yes, it’s a bit uncomfortable, but not painful naltrexone for multiple sclerosis symptoms . It takes about three minutes in a doctor’s office viagra john bouchie . Some urologists say the digital exam of the upper two lobes of the prostate will reveal ninety percent of prostate cancer celexa and self image . Other urologists think this is a bit high, but the exam should be made expiration iv flagyl .
If such exams could catch 50% of starting prostate cancers in an early stage, most of those could be cured completely clozapine food interactions .
The big problem with prostate cancer is that it is a silent killer carisoprodol photo . It can show no symptoms at first paroxetine prescription medicine . By the tune it starts hurting, the cancer usually has spread into other parts of the body and it’s often a matter of time until it kills the patient wellbutrin nicotine patch .
SCARE TACTICS?
Yes ultram e r rash . Absolutely exelon invitiational . If your reading this book does nothing more than makes you decide to have a yearly physical examination including a digital rectal exam of the prostate, that will be reward enough wellbutrin xl and heart .
You could be saving your life with a digital examination by discovering a cancer early enough to cure it krypton lithium levels for tin .
Right now, about sixty-four percent of prostate cancers are discovered while they are small roberto tronchetti provera . Of these men, almost eighty-four percent are still alive five years after their surgery how to get cytotec . Doctors compile statistics on cancer patients and most consider a man cured after a 15 year free period use of ibuprofen after surgery . The secret is catching it early so all of the cancerous tissue can be removed so it can’t spread or grow again remission drug femara . Ann Landers in her syndicated column has repeatedly pushed for greater awareness of testing to catch early cancer development cymbalta vs effexor wr . In one recent column she urged women to do the job this way zerit j code . Whenever they go in for a mammogram, usually once a year, they should make an appointment for their husband to have his prostate checked by a digital exam or by the more expensive ultrasound probe ibuprofen and nephrotoxicity . She urges women to do this so they won’t become premature widows carafate indications . The lady has a good idea phenytoin nausea .
The American Cancer Society reports that currently seventy-one percent of all patients with cancer of the prostate live for five years or more after treatment paxil and exposure to sun . That’s for all cases whether diagnosed early or late bms clopidogrel oasis 7 .
The later the diagnosis, the worse the chance for a cure pantoprazole vs nexium .
HOW DOES YOUR DOCTOR KNOW
IT’S CANCER?
More and more these days there is a push to try to catch prostate cancer in its earliest stages soma eliason . This is a difficult job because very small cancers in the prostate traditionally have been from hard to impossible to detect by the traditional digital exam 194r fexofenadine .
Now there are new tools to use to find these cancers soma no-show panties . One of the best may be a simple blood test called the PSA granisetron base melting point . That stands for Prostate Specific Antigen lexapro mexico . Prostate antigen is a protein found only in the prostate tissue metabolism of caffeine . It has long been known that when the prostate is cancerous, the antigen level is elevated dhea and testosterone . The problem has been in finding how much this elevation may be made when the cancers are small and can’t be felt digitally avascular necrosis prednisone .
Now with the PSA there has been enough research to make some general pointings effexor vertigo .
Dr fluoxetine capsule description . William H zantac 3 diet pill . Cooney, of the Mobile Urology Group,
P acyclovir depression .A health solutions network tramadol . and the Section of Urology, Springhill Memorial Hos-
pital in Mobile, Alabama, reports several findings in the
Alabama Medicine journal of the state medical association allegra antiallergic .
He points out that PSA levels reflect the volume of prostate
tissue in the body, either benign or malignant, so will usually be elevated in the presence of BPH dexamethasone cleared .
He shows a table of a test conducted by Hybritech Inc levaquin and hearing loss . of San Diego, correlating the PSA levels in 352 men with BPH and 533 men with proven prostate cancer ibuprofen vs naproxen .
The tests showed that in the BPH men when the level of antigen had risen to 4 units, BPH was likely by a ratio of 4 to 1 warfarin affects on health . But when the antigen level lifted to 10 or more units, the likelihood of cancer was more likely by a ratio of 33 to 1 incidence of seizures with effexor .
Dr cheapest zyrtec . Cooner also suggests the use of prostate ultrasonography as another diagnostic tool for screening patients who fall in the over 50 year category induction misoprostol . This is done with a probe in the rectum and the use of ultrasound to reveal the tissue and mass in the prostate area maudit viagra .
Dr normal range testosterone level . Cooner concludes in his paper that we need to employ these two tools in a try to improve the ability to find curable cancers before they cause pain caffeine and dieretics . He suggests that all men over 50 years should have a digital rectal elimination, then a PSA blood test, and a prostate ultrasound sonogram done as a baseline for future comparisons macrobid can treat which infections .
In a study at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, in Baltimore, Dr quetiapine teva . Daniel Chan reports another PSA study oxcarbazepine pakistan . He says that on tested men at a level of 2 albuterol class action suit .8 units of antigen there was considerable positive cancer results zyrtec generic . He said that at 8 cipro hp .0 units there was a 94 % chance of cancer, and when the PSA level reached 20 swiss navy testosterone trigger reviews .0 all of the patients had prostatic cancer picture of paxil the prescription drug .
At this time PSA looks like a tool that the urologists need to make more use of biaxin xl stomach pain . What if it only catches two or three percent of early cancer cases aceon side effects . Those men, cured of their cancer, are going to be wildly enthusiastic about the benefits of the test penicillin cause yellow tongue .
As a parallel, how many positive readings do physical exams get these days from a routine chest X-ray? A dramatically low percentage strattera patient doctor ratings .

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Aspirin-Like Drugs
One of the best arthritis buys in the pharmacy is a frequently overlooked prescription drug called salsalate. It has been around for so long that many physicians have forgotten about it. Because salsalate is available generically, the cost should only be the amount of your co-pay. Even without insurance, the cost shouldn’t be much more than $1 a day.
salsalate is a kissing cousin to aspirin (it is salicylsalicylic acid instead of acetylsalicylic acid). Because it lacks the acetyl group, salsalate behaves differently in the body. Studies done 20 to 30 years ago suggest that it may be a little less irritating to the stomach than aspirin because it is absorbed only from the small intestine. (There are no data on whether it irritates the small intestine the way enteric-coated aspirin does.)
salsalate is just as effective as aspirin at relieving joint pain or morning stiffness. Unfortunately, it probably won’t prevent blood clots or heart attacks the way aspirin does. salsalate may also be a little more likely to cause dizziness or ringing in the ears. It does require medical supervision, just as any NSAID does, and probably has similar side effects.
Another aspirin-like arthritis medicine that is often over-
BRANDS OF SALSALATE
•    Amigesic    • Mono-Gesic
•    Artha-G    • Salflex
•    Disalcid    • Salsitab

looked is choline magnesium trisalicylate (Tricosal, Trilasate, Trisalicylate). It too requires a prescription and should cost a lot less than $1 a day. Like salsalate, it may be a little less irritating to the stomach than aspirin. Again, it provides no extra protection against heart attacks or strokes.
ibuprofen and Naproxen
For those who cannot tolerate aspirin or who want a traditional NSAID to get them over a hump, which drugs would we consider using? This is an incredibly difficult call because of the new and alarming data linking these drugs to heart attacks. If forced to recommend something, we would probably fall back on naproxen. For one thing, it is a good deal. When prescribed generically the co-pay should be $10 or less a month. Even when purchased over the counter the cost should be no more than 15 cents per day. That compares to as much as $4 to $7 a day for Celebrex.
One study found that ibuprofen and naproxen are not associated with accelerated progression of hip and knee arthritis the way some other NSAIDs are.82 Another possible plus with these two drugs may be a somewhat safer cardiovascular profile. One epidemiological study demonstrated no increased risk of heart attacks or other cardiovascular complications with these two pain relievers when they were used for short periods of time. 13 Another study, unfortunately, found that
N a p r o x e
Naproxen is an NSAID available both OTC and by prescription (Anaprox, Naprelan, Naprosyn). it does a reasonable job of relieving arthritis pain and the effect lasts a little longer than that of Ibuprofen. Some researchers believe that it may be less likely to pose cardiovascular risks than other NSAIDs. This is unconfirmed, and naproxen may not be as safe as we would wish.84
Downside: Damage to the stomach lining. Indigestion, gastritis, and ulcers. High blood pressure, kidney problems, liver complications, rash, constipation, diarrhea, dizziness, and ringing in the ears.
Cost: Approximately $4 to $5 per month SIGNS OF TROUBLE!*
•    Chest pain
•    Shortness of breath or sudden weakness
•    Slurred speech or paralysis
•    Severe stomach pain or indigestion
•    Black, tarry stools
•    Sudden weight gain
•    Trouble removing a ring
•    Skin rash, itching, blisters, fever
•    Nausea, fatigue, yellow eyes, flu symptoms
*If any of these symptoms occur, contact your physician immediately or visit urgent care.
NSAIDs like ibuprofen increase the risk of a second heart attack.” A Danish study of nearly 60,000 heart attack survivors showed that NSAIDs such as Celebrex, ibuprofen, and diclofenac were linked to an increased risk of heart attack death. This complication showed up within several weeks of starting on the pain reliever. The researchers concluded that heart attack survivors need to be very cautious about the kind of pain reliever they use.
Even people who have not had a heart attack need to be wary about NSAIDs. Anyone with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, blockage in a coronary artery, or kidney problems is likely to be at increased risk of a heart attack when taking such pain relievers. 86
Finnish investigators studied more than 33,000 heart attack patients hospitalized between 2000 and 2003. By comparing them to 139,000 control subjects, the researchers found that taking any NSAID increased the chance of a heart attack by approximately 40 percent. 87
For those who think taking aspirin together with a drug like Advil or Aleve might diminish any risk of a blood clot, think again. There are no clear-cut data to support that notion. There is even some worry that drugs like ibuprofen and naproxen might undo the cardiovascular protective benefits of aspirin.88,89 Be wary of interactions with other medications, especially blood pressure drugs (ACE inhibitors), furosemide (Lasix), lithium (Eskalith, Cibalith, Lithane, Lithobid, Lithotabs), methotrexate, (Rheumatrex, Trexal), and blood thinners like warfarin (Coumadin).
Of course anyone who opts to use an NSAID must treat these drugs with the respect they deserve. Treatment for more than 10 days requires medical supervision and great vigilance. Remember, there may be an increased risk for heart attack, hypertension, heart failure, kidney problems, and ulcers.
To counteract the risk of serious GI toxicity, many gastroenterologists now routinely recommend acid-suppressing drugs called PPIs (proton pump inhibitors) in combination with NSAIDs. Medications such as esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), omeprazole (Prilosec), pantoprazole (Protonix), and rabeprazole (Aciphex) are supposed to diminish the likelihood of NSAID-induced stomach upset and ulcers.’ Despite this belief, there is no guarantee that such drugs can prevent all ulcers or perforations. A review of the use of low-dose aspirin in the New England Journal of Medicine cautions against any sense of complacency. This should apply to all NSAIDs.

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ARTHRITIS
•    Eat a diet rich in selenium
•    Get 1,000 lU of vitamin D daily    *****
•    Follow a Mediterranean diet
•Take aspirin to relieve pain and control inflammation ****
•    Try naproxen for pain relief    **
•    Ask your doctor about a prescription for Pennsaid
(diclofenic)
•    Experiment with fish oil and green-lipped mussels    ** *Try gin-drenched raisins
•    Consider Certo and grape juice    *****
•    Drink pomegranate juice    ****
•    Sip vinegar with apple and grape juices
•    Drink cherry juice
*Take turmeric    **** *Try boswellia
•    Consider acupuncture    ***
No one really knows how many people suffer from arthritis and related inflammatory conditions. The folks at the CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), who are in charge of tracking such things, put the number at close to 70 million. That includes more than 43 million adults diagnosed by doctors and another 23 million who have symptoms but have not been officially diagnosed .57,58 That means one in three adults is afflicted with some form of arthritis.
If you think that’s a lot of folks, you ain’t seen nothin’ yet. Aging baby boomers are about to discover up close and personal what it’s like to suffer from chronic inflammation. The CDC estimates that by 2030 we will add another 22 million to the list of people in pain. 59 Arthritis will become the biggest obstacle to enjoyable retirement for the boomer generation.

With so many suffering, it’s hardly any wonder we’re all desperate for relief. Shaking hands, buttoning a shirt, or typing on a computer keyboard can be difficult if your fingers hurt. But who can give up e-mail? We communicate with the world through our fingers.
Everyone tells us that exercise is the most important thing we can do for our overall health. Yet it’s hard to walk, jog, or play tennis or golf if your knees, hips, and shoulders are sore.
No wonder we turn to drugs to relieve our inflammation and ease the pain. A friend who hiked the Appalachian Trail dubbed ibuprofen “vitamin I.” Weekend warriors frequently rely on Advil (ibuprofen) or Aleve (naproxen) before, during, and after tennis matches, basketball games, or karate competitions. We now know that most of the medications used for arthritis can have potentially serious side effects.
We’re caught in a classic double bind. Without something to control inflammation, pain limits our activities, which is not good for our health. Take the medicine, however, and we risk all sorts of complications, from high blood pressure and kidney problems to heart attacks and strokes. Some popular anti-inflammatory drugs may even make our arthritis worse.

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