Aug
13
Entecavir - Guaifenesin - Epoetin - Sildenafil Citrate - Ergoloid Mesylates
August 13, 2009 | Leave a Comment
Generic Name
Entecavir (m-M-ah-veer)
Brand Name Baraclude
Information in this monograph also applies to:
Generic Ingredient: Telbivudine Tyzeka
Type of Drug Antiviral.
Prescribed For
Chronic hepatitis B infection in adults.
General Information
Entecavir is a prescription medicine for adults with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in which the virus is multiplying and damaging the liver. Entecavir can reduce the amount of virus in the body, make it harder for new liver cells to be infected by the virus, and improve the general condition of the liver. They work by attacking HBV polymerase, an enzyme essential to the reproduction of the hepatitis B virus inside an infected cell. These drugs are eliminated from the bodj,4kalbe kidney. Telbivudine does not wGCK alg4msl HIV infection and can be taken together with HIV drug therapy. These medicines do not cure HBV or stop you from spreading HBV to others, generally through sexual contact or exposure to infected blood. The HBV virus can live outside the body for one week.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take these medicines if you are allergic or sensitive to any
of their ingredients.
Entecavir should be used with caution in people who have both HIV and HBV because of possible HIV resistance developing after entecavir is taken.
Severe worsening of HBV has occurred in people who stopped taking this medication.
These drugs can lead to further liver damage. In rare cases, they have been associated with liver failure that resulted in death. The safety of this drug in people who have had a liver transplant is not known.
These drugs are eliminated through the kidneys. People with kidney disease may require lower doses.
Telbivudine has also been associated with lactic acidosis, a condition in which excess lactic acid in the body causes the blood to become acidic. Feeling very weak or tired, experiencing unusual Muscle pain, difficulty breathing, stomach pain with nausea and vomiting, feeling cold—especially in your arms and legs, feeling dizzy or lightheaded, and a fast or irregular heartbeat may be signs of lactic acidosis. It is a medical emergency and must be treated in the hospital. This has happened in some people taking these medications.
Possible Side Effects
Entecavir
♦ Most common: headache, fatigue, dizziness, and nausea.
✓ Less common: diarrhea, upset stomach, vomiting, tiredness, and sleeplessness.
✓ Rare: Rare side effects may affect almost any part of the body. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Telbivudine
✓ Most common: upper respiratory infection, latigue, not feeling well, missO2 tenderness or weakness, abdominal pain, nasal irritation, and sore throat.
♦ Common: flu or flu-like symptoms, diarrhea or loose stools, and throat pain.
✓ Less common: fever, joint pain, rash, back pain, dizziness, muscle ache, sleeplessness, and upset stomach.
Drug Interactions low in-
• These drugs do not affect liver enzymes and have a
teraction potential.
• Drugs that affect kidney function may affect blood concentrations of entecavir and telbivudine.
• Other hepatitis B treatments (lamivudine, adefovir, cy-
closporine, and pegylated interferon-alpha 2a) do not affect
either entecavir or telbivudine and are not affected by them. Food Interactions
Take entecavir at least 2 hours after a meal and 2 hours before the next meal. Telbivudine may be taken without regard to food or meals. Usual Dose
Entecavir
Adult and Child (age 16 and over): 0.5-1 mg once daily. People with kidney failure may be treated with as little as 0.05-0.1 mg a day. Child (under age 16): not recommended.
Telbivudine
Adult and Child (age 16 and over): 600 mg once daily. People with moderate to severe kidney failure may be treated with a single 600 mg dose every 2, 3, or 4 days depending on the seriousness of kidney disease.
Child (under age 16): not recommended.
Overdosage
There are no reports of entecavir overdose. People taking single doses up to 40 mg or multiple doses up to 20 mg per day for up to 14 days had no unusual side effects. One person accidentally took an overdose with no consequences. People taking up to 1800 mg a day of telbivudine had no increase in side effects. Overdose victims should be taken to a hospital emergency room for treatment, where dialysis may be necessary to remove the drug from the blood. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Call your doctor il you develop muscle aches, pains, or weakness; ‘it your skin or the white part of your eyes turns yellow; if your urine becomes dark; if your bowel movements turn light in color; if you don’t feeling like eating food for several days or longer; if you become nauseous; or if you have lower stomach pain. These can be signs of a serious liver problem called hepatotoxicity, which has occurred in some people taking these medications.
Your hepatitis B may get worse or become very serious if you stop taking these medications. Do not stop taking them or change your daily dose without talking to your doctor.
If you forget to take your daily entecavir dose, take it as soon as you remember but do not take a double dose. Call your doctor if you forget to take 2 or more doses in a row.
Entecavir oral solution is a ready-to-use product and should not be mixed with water or any other liquid product. Each bottle of the oral solution comes with a dosing spoon that is calibrated in 1 -mL increments, up to 10 mL. Hold the spoon upright and gradually fill it to the mark next to the prescribed dose. Drink the liquid directly from the dosing spoon. Your pharmacist can help you properly measure your medication dose. Rinse the dosing spoon with water after each daily dose and allow it to air dry.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: Animal studies of entecavir revealed slowed development of the skeleton. Animal studies of telbivudine did not reveal any effects on the developing fetus. However, it is not known if either medicine is safe to use during pregnancy or if it helps prevent the hepatitis B virus from passing on to a developing fetus. If your doctor considers entecavir or telbivudine crucial for you, potential benefits must be carefully weighed against their risks. A data bank has been established to collect information from doctors on pregnant women who do take these medicines.
These medicines may pass into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must take these drugs should use infant formula.
Seniors: Dosage reduction may be needed in seniors because of normal declines in kidney function.
Brand Name
Entex PSE
Generic Ingredients
Guaifenesin + Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride M
Other Brand Names
Anatuss LA Coldmist Jr.
Aquatab D Dosepack Coldmist LA
Coldmist Congess Jr.
Congess SR Nasabid
Congestac Nasabid-SR
Deconsal LA Nasatab LA
D-Feda 11 PanMist
Durasal U PanMist-Jr.
Duratuss AM/PM PanMist LA
Dynex Profen 11
Endal-SR Pseudovent
Guaimax-D Sudal 60/500
Guaipax PSE SudaI120/600
Guaitab Sudal SR
Guaituss PE Syn-RX
Guai-Vent PSE Touro LA
losal El Tuss-LA
Maxifed V-Dec-M
Maxifed G Versacaps
Med-RX Zephrex
Miraphen PSE Zephrex LA
The information in this profile also applies to the following drugs:
Generic Ingredients: Guaifenesin + Ephedrine Hydrochloride 19 Broncholate Bronkaid
Generic Ingredients: Guaifenesin + Phenylephrine Hydrochloride 91
Deconsal Il PhenaVent
Deconsal Pediatric PhenaVent D
Endal PhenaVent LA
Entex LA PhenaVent PED
Liquibid D Rescon GG
Liquibid-D 1200 Sinupan
Liquibid-PD Sinuvent PE
Type of Drug
Decongestant and expectorant combination.
Prescribed For
Cold or allergy and for nasal congestion, runny nose and cough associated with other upper respiratory conditions.
General Information
The decongestant ingredient in Entex PSE, pseudoephedrine, dramatically reduces congestion and stuffiness. The decongestant ingredients ephedrine and phenylephrine act similarly. The expectorant, guaifenesin, is used to help loosen thick mucus that may contribute to chest congestion; the effectiveness of guaifenesin and other expectorants has not been established. There are other drugs on the market using this same general formula—an expectorant plus a decongestant—but they use different decongestant ingredients or a combination of decongestants plus guaifenesin. Nothing cures a cold or allergy, but Entex PSE may provide relief from symptoms.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take Entex PSE if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients.
Entex PSE may cause anxiety or nervousness or interfere with sleep.
Do not use Entex PSE if you have ventricular tachycardia (quickened heartrate), or hypertension (high blood pressure).
Entex PSE should be used with extreme caution in those with heart disease, other heart rhythm disorders, thyroid disease, diabetes, glaucoma, stomach ulcer, urinary blockage, or a prostate condition.
Entex PSE should not be used over extended periods of time to treat persistent or chronic cough especially one that may be caused by cigarette smoking, asthma, or emphysema.
Possible Side Effects
Mritl common: anxiety, restlessness, sleeplessness, tension, excitation, dizziness, drowsiness, and headache.
♦ Less common: nausea, vomiting, upset stomach, low blood pressure, heart palpitations, chest pain, rapid or slow heartbeat, abnormal heart rhythms, irritability, euphoria (feeling Possible Side Effects (continued)
“high”), eye irritation and tearing, hysterical reaction, appetite loss, kidney stones, urinary difficulties in men with a prostate condition, weakness, loss of facial color, and breathing difficulties.
Drug Interactions
• Entex PSE should be avoided if you are taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAGI) antidepressant for depression or hypertension because the MAGI may cause a very rapid rise in blood pressure or increase side effects such as dry mouth or nose, blurred vision, and abnormal heart rhythms.
• The decongestant in Entex PSE may interfere with bloodpressure-lowering medication.
Food Interactions
Take Entex PSE with food if it upsets your stomach.
Usual Dose
Adult and Child (age 12 and over): 1 tablet or capsule twice a day or 2 tsp. of liquid 4 times a day.
Child (age 6-11):1/2-1 tablet or 1 capsule twice a day or 1 tsp. of liquid 4 times a day.
Overdosage
Most cases of overdose are not severe. Symptoms include sedation, sleepiness, increased sweating, and increased blood pressure. Hallucinations, convulsions, nervous system depression, and breathing difficulties are more prominent in older adults. Most cases of overdose are not severe. Induce vomiting with ipecac syrup—available at any pharmacy. Call your local poison control center or a hospital emergency room before doing this. If you lseey, treatment. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
-SIDt’dial Information
Call your doctor if your side effects are severe or gradually become intolerable.
If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the one you forgot and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: Women who are or might be pregnant should avoid Entex PSE. When your doctor considers this drug crucial, its potential benefits must be carefully weighed
against its risks.
The decongestant in Entex PSE may pass into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must take Entex PSE should consider using in-
fant formula.
Seniors: Seniors are more sensitive to the effects of Entex PSE.
Generic Name
Epoetin (EE-poh-eh-tin)
Brand Names Epogen
Type of Drug
Red-blood-cell growth stimulator.
Prescribed For
Anemia; may also be used for reducing the need for blood or redblood-cell transfusions.
General Information
Epoetin is a natural hormone that stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells. It is used for anemia that does not respond to iron supplements. In most cases of anemia, there are plenty of red blood cells circulating, but they lack iron. People who need epoetin do not have enough red blood cells. Epoetin stimulates the production of new red blood cells to carry needed oxygen.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not use epoetin if you are allergic or sensitive to albumin or products manufactured from animal cells.
People with urtvaRtmliked high blood pressure should not use epoetin.
Some people with chronic kidney failure and severe anemia should not take epoetin. Epoetin is not a replacement for emergency blood transfusion.
Epoetin is not intended for anemia caused by folate or iron deficiency, hemolysis, or gastrointestinal bleeding.
Procrit People using epoetin may require anticoagulant medicine to prevent blood clotting during treatment. Tell your doctor it you have any blood-clotting disorders.
In rare cases, people taking epoetin may have seizures. Avoid driving or any other activities where a sudden seizure could be dangerous. Do not take epoetin if you have a history of seizures or strokes.
Epoetin should be avoided in patients with blood cancers such as lymphoma, because it can act as a growth factor for the tumor.
If your hemoglobin levels become too high, your chance of heart attack, stroke, heart failure, blood clots, and death is increased. It is important to have your blood tested and adjust dosage of epoetin accordingly throughout treatment.
Possible Side Effects
Side effects reported in studies of epoetin were similar to those reported with an inactive placebo (sugar pill).
♦ Most common: high blood pressure, headache, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, joint pain, fever, fatigue, itching, rash, and difficulty breathing.
✓ Common: swelling, vomiting, chest pain, skin reactions at the site of injection, weakness, dizziness, urinary infections, diarrhea, upset stomach, blood clots, anxiety, tingling in the hands or feet, and trunk pain.
✓ Rare: stroke and heart attack. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Food and Drug Interactions None known.
Usual Dose
Adult: starting dose-23-69 units per 1b. of body weight 3 times a week by intravenous or subcutaneous injection. Final dose is based on response and need. Surgery patients take 138 units per lb. for 10 days before Surgery or 276 units once a week for 3 weeks before surgery and another dose on the day of surgery. Dialysis patients take epoetin once a week.
Child (under age 12): 23 units per lb. of body weight 3 times a week by intravenous or subcutaneous injection. Final dose is based on response and need.
Child (under 1 month): not recommended.
Overdosage
Little is known about the effects of epoetin overdose. Call your local poison control center or a hospital emergency room for information. If you seek treatment, ALWAYS bring the prescription container.
Special Information
People taking epoetin should have regular blood tests to assure the drug is working well. Your doctor may want to take blood samples twice a week for several weeks and then test your blood regularly.
Epoetin has been used by athletes to enhance physical performance. This is called blood doping and has resulted in several deaths because the percentage of red blood cells in a blood sample can reach hazardous levels.
Epoetin must be stored in a refrigerator.
Most patients will need to take iron supplements with this drug.
This drug can be given by injection under the skin. For more in-
formation on how to properly administer this drug, see page 1242.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: Animal studies suggest that epoetin may enter fetal circulation. When this drug is considered crucial by your doctor its potential benefits must be carefully weighed against its risks.
It is not known if epoetin passes into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must take it should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors may use this product without special precaution.
Type of Drug
Erectile Dysfunction Drugs
Generic Ingredient: Sildenafil Citrate
Viagra Revatio
Generic Ingredient: Tadalafil Cialis
Generic Ingredient: Vardenafil Levitra
Prescribed For
Erectile dysfunction (ED). sildenafil is also prescribed for pulmonary
hypertension.
General Information
The chemical nitric oxide is released in the penis during sexual stimulation. Nitric oxide causes the release of an enzyme called cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which increases blood flow into the penis, producing an erection. cGMP is broken down by the enzyme phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). In men with low levels of cGMP, these medicines help achieve and maintain an erection by inhibiting PDE5, thus causing higher levels of cGMP. ED can be the result of nerve, blood vessel, or psychological problems. These drugs, which are effective in about 70% of men, only help when poor blood flow is the cause of the dysfunction. Women have reported some benefit from sildenafil, although it has been widely studied only in men. Vardenafil and tadalafil are intended only for men. These medicines start working in 30-60 minutes and their effects usually last from 2-4 hours, although some have noted an effect for 24 hours or more. Some drug interactions and kidney or liver diseases extend this time. Tadalafil begins working in 30-60 minutes and can remain in the body for more than 2 days, much longer than the other medicines in this group. Low-dose tadalafil may be taken every day for chronic ED.
Pulmonary hypertension, a rare disease in which high pressure in the blood vessels moves from the heart to the lungs, is sometimes treated with sildenafil.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take ED drugs if you are allergic or sensitive to any of their ingredients.
These medicines lower blood pressure and should be avoided if you have high (greater than 170/100) or low (less than 90/50) blood pressure. Several people have died from a sudden blood-pressure drop after combining erectile dysfunction medications with other medications that can reduce blood pressure.
These Medicines should never be taken by those taking heart medications called nitrates, as fatal reactions have occurred.
People with heart disease may experience heart problems with sildenafil or vardenafil, including a heart attack. These reactions can occur during or shortly after sexual activity.
Avoid these medicines if you have had a heart attack, stroke, or life-threatening abnormal heart rhythms in the past 6 months, or if you have heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, damage to the penis, or a progressive eye disease called retinitis pigmentosa. Blindness is a rare side effect of sildenafil and may be a problem with all of these medications.
People taking sildenafil or vardenafil have experienced difficulties seeing blue or green colors and may see things with a blue tinge surrounding them. This happens because they affect an enzyme in the eye. The effect clears up after the drug passes out of the body.
People with kidney or liver damage retain these medicines in their bodies longer than people whose kidneys and liver function normally. People with kidney or liver problems should always begin with the lowest possible dosage.
People with priapism (painful erection lasting more than 6 hours) or a condition that predisposes them to priapism—such as leukemia, multiple myeloma, or sickle cell anemia—should be cautious about taking these medicines.
Vardenatil and sildenafil should be avoided by people with stomach or bleeding ulcers because its effect on these conditions is not known.
Possible Side Effects
Sildenafil
✓ Most common: headache and flushing.
♦ Less common: upset stomach, stuffy nose, urinary tract infection, diarrhea, rash, dizziness, seizure, anxiety, prolonged and possibly painful erection, double vision, visual changes, bloodshot eyes, burning eyes, swelling in the eye, and blood vessel diseases in the retina.
✓ Rare: Rare side effects can occur in almost any part of the body. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Tadalafil
I Most common: headache.
✓ Common: upset stomach. Back pain and muscle aches can develop 12-24 hours after taking tadalafil and go away on their own after 2 days.
Possible Side Effects (continued)
♦ Less common: flushing, nasal congestion, and arm or leg
pain.
♦ Rare-. prolonged or painful erections. Other rare side ef-
fects can occur in almost any part of the body. Contact
your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed
above.
Vardenafil
✓ Most common: headache and flushing.
✓ Less common: upset stomach, sinus infection, flu-like symptoms, dizziness, and nausea.
♦ Rare: prolonged or painful erection. Other rare side effects can occur in almost any part of the body. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
• Do not combine any of these drugs with nitrates (such as nitroglycerin) and other drugs that lower blood pressure. The combination can cause a sudden, rapid drop in blood pressure.
• Do not take vardenafil if you are taking an alpha blocker (such as alfuzosin, doxazosin, prazosin, tamsulosin, or terazosin). Tadalafil may be taken only with tamsulosin. You may take sildenafil at its lowest possible dose with an alpha blocker, but you must separate the doses by at least 4 hours.
• Combining cimetidine and sildenafil leads to a substantial (more than 50%) increase in the amount of sildenafil in the blood.
• Erythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and protease inhibitors (used to combat HIV) can cause sildenafil blood levels to almost double. Vardenafil levels can increase by 400-1000% when combined with these medicines. It you are taking one of these medicines, do not take more than the %west possible dose of your ED drug. Do not take tadalafil more than once every 3 days if you are also taking one of these medicines.
• Rifampin can be expected to reduce the effect of ED medicines by reducing the amount of drug in the blood. Other
drugs that may reduce the effects of these drugs are carbamazepine, phenobarbital, and phenytoin.
• Dihydrocodeine—a widely used prescription pain reliever—may increase the effects of sildenafil, yielding substantially prolonged erections, sometimes lasting for hours.
• Do not combine sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil. The effects of combining these drugs are not known.
• Do not take vardenafil if you are taking any medicine to treat an abnormal heartbeat, including amiodarone, procainamide, quinidine, and sotalol.
• Combining sildenafil with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or tacrolimus may increase the risk of sildenafil side effects.
• Alcohol adds to the blood-pressure-lowering effects of these medicines.
Food Interactions
Grapefruit juice may increase the amount of these drugs in the blood. Taking sildenafil with a high-fat meal reduces the amount of drug absorbed. Tadalafil and vardenafil may be taken without regard to food or meals.
Usual Dose
Sildenafil
Adult: 50 mg taken about 1 hour before sexual activity. Individual doses can range from 25-100 mg. The maximum dosing frequency is once a day.
Senior: Begin with 25 mg and gradually increase dosage as needed.
Tadalafil
Adult: 10 mg taken about 1 hour before sexual activity. Individual doses can range from 2.5-20 mg. Do not take more than 1 dose of tadalafil a day.
Senior: Begin with 5 mg and gradually increase dosage as needed.
Adult: 10 mg taken about 1 hour before sexual activity. Individual doses can range from 5-20 mg.
Senior: Begin with 5 mg and gradually increase dosage as needed.
Overdosage
sildenafil and tadalafil overdose are likely to produce exaggerated drug side effects. Vardenafil overdose may cause neck pain, muscle aches, or vision changes. Call your local poison control center or hospital emergency room for more information. If you seek treatment, ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Call your doctor and do not engage in sexual activity if the erection produced by ED drugs is painful or lasts 4 or more hours, or if you experience dizziness, nausea, or chest pain after taking an ED drug. In rare cases, men taking ED drugs have reported a sudden decrease or loss of vision and/or hearing. Call your doctor right away if you experience this adverse side effect.
People who use organic nitrates for gardening or other purposes can experience a severe and dangerous blood pressure drop if they take sildenafil or vardenafil. It is not known how long you have to wait to resume nitrate use.
These drugs do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: There is no evidence that sildenafil or vardenafil harm the fetus; however, they are not intended for pregnant women or nursing mothers.
Seniors: Men age 65 and over eliminate these drugs more slowly than younger men and should begin with the lowest possible dosage.
Generic Name
Ergoloid Mesylates (ER-goe-loid
MES-il-ates) (GI
Brand Names Caerimal
Hydergine
Type of Drug Psychotherapeutic agent.
Hydrogenated Ergot Alkaloids
Prescribed For
Age-related decline in mental capacity.
General Information
Ergoloid mesylates are used to treat decreased mental capacity of unknown cause in people over age 60. These drugs should not be used for any condition that is treatable with another drug or that may be reversible. People who respond to ergoloid mesylates are likely to have Alzheimer’s disease or some other cause of dementia. Nobody knows exactly how ergoloid mesylates produce their effect, but they improve the supply of blood to the brain in test animals, reduce their heart rate, and improve muscle tone in blood vessels. Some studies show the drugs to be very effective in relieving mild symptoms of mental impairment, while others find it to be only moderately effective. They are most beneficial in people whose symptoms are due to the effects of high blood pressure in the brain.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take ergoloid mesylates if you are allergic or sensitive to any of their ingredients or you have psychotic symptoms or psychosis.
Ergoloid mesylates should be used with caution in people with liver disease, low blood pressure, or slow heartbeat.
Possible Side Effects
Ergoloid mesylates do not produce serious side effects.
♦ Common: When taken under the tongue, these drugs may
cause irritation, nausea, or upset stomach. Other side ef-
fects are drowsiness, slow heartbeat, and rash.
Drug Interactions None known.
Food Interactions
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while you have an ergoloid mesylates pill under your tongue.
Usual Dose
Starting dose is 1-2 mg 3 times a day. Increase as needed. Do not exceed 12 mg a day.
Overdosage
Symptoms include blurred vision, dizziness, fainting, flushing, headache, appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and stuffy nose. Take the victim to a hospital emergency room. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
The effects of ergoloid mesylates are gradual and frequently not seen for up to 6 months. A 6-month period of treatment with ergoloid mesylates is recommended before your doctor can fully evaluate your response to the drug. Your doctor should periodically reevaluate your condition to determine if ergoloid mesylates treatment is still needed and that it is working for you.
Dissolve sublingual tablets under the tongue. Do not chew or crush them; they are not effective if swallowed whole.
If you forget a dose, skip it and go back to your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose. Call your doctor if you miss 2 or more consecutive doses.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: Ergoloid mesylates may interfere with fetal development. When these drugs are considered crucial by your doctor, their potential benefits must be carefully weighed against their risks.
Ergoloid mesylates pass into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must take these drugs should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors are more likely to develop side effects, especially hypothermia (low body temperature).
Generic Name
Erythromycin (eh-rith-roe-MYE-sin) 10
Brand Names
Akre-mycin Eryderm
Arr/S Erygel
E-Base Ery-Tab
E-Glades Erythra-derm
E-Mycin PCE Eryc
The information in this profile also applies to all forms of erythromycin:
Generic Ingredient: Erythromycin Estolate LN
Generic Ingredient: Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate E.E.S. Pediamycin EryPed
Generic Ingredients: Erythromycin Ethylsuccinate + Sulfisoxasole
Eryzole Pediazole
Generic Ingredient: Erythromycin Stearate Erythrocin Stearate
Type of Drug Macrolide antibiotic.
Prescribed For
Infections of virtually any part of the body: upper and lower respiratory tract infections; sexually transmitted diseases; urinary tract infections; infections of the mouth, gums, or teeth; and infections of the nose, ears, or sinuses. It is prescribed for acne and may be used for mild to moderate skin infections. Erythromycin is effective against diphtheria and dysentery. It is also prescribed for legionnaires’ disease, rheumatic fever, whooping cough, and bacterial endocarditis. It is prescribed to patients with pelvic inflammatory disease as an alternative to penicillin. The eye ointment is used to prevent newborn gonococcal or chlamydial eye infections.
General Information
Erythromycin and other macrolide antibiotics are either bactericidal (bacteria-killing) or bacteriostatic (inhibiting bacterial growth), depending on the organism in question and amount of antibiotic present. Erythromycin is deactivated by stomach acid, so the tablet form is made to bypass the stomach and dissolve in the intestine.
Since the action of this antibiotic depends on its concentration in the invading bacteria, kk is crucial that you follow your doctor’s ISNVKi10ns regarding the spacing of doses as well as the number of days you must take the medication—otherwise, this antibiotic may be much less effective.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take erythromycin if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients or to any macrolide antibiotic.
Erythromycin is excreted primarily through the liver. People with liver disease or damage should consult their doctors. Those on long-term therapy with erythromycin should have periodic blood tests. If you restart erythromycin after having experienced liver damage, it is likely that symptoms will recur within 48 hours.
Erythromycin estolate has occasionally produced liver problems (symptoms include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and fever). If you are susceptible to stomach problems, erythromycin may cause mild to moderate stomach upset; discontinuing the drug will reverse this condition.
Colitis (bowel inflammation) has been associated with all antibiotics and can range from mild to life-threatening (see “Possible Side Effects”),
Possible Side Effects
• Most common: nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and diarrhea. Colitis (symptoms include severe abdominal cramps and severe, persistent, and possibly bloody diarrhea) may develop. Side effects of the topical erythromycin include peeling, dryness, itching, and oiliness.
♦ Less common: hairy tongue, itching, irritation of the anal or vaginal region, eye irritation, and skin tenderness. If any of these symptoms appear, call your physician immediately.
♦ Rare: hearing loss—which reverses itself after the drug is stopped and occurs most often in people with liver and kidney problems—and abnormal heart rhythms. Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
• Antacids may slightly affect the release of erythromycin from your body. This effect is not considered important.
• Do not combine erythromycin with astemizole or terfenadine.
• Erythromycin may slow the breakdown of carbamazepine (an anticonvulsant prescribed for seizures). Avoid this combination.
• Mixing erythromycin with rifabutin or rifampin can interfere with the antibiotic’s effect and increase the risk of intestinal side effects.
• Do not combine erythromycin and pimozide. Two people died after combining pimozide and a macrolide antibiotic.
• Erythromycin may neutralize penicillin. It may also neutralize the antibiotics lincomycin and clindamycin.
• Erythromycin interferes with the elimination of theophylline
from the body, possibly leading to theophylline overdose.
• Mixing erythromycin with a statin cholesterol-lowering drug increases the risk of developing a potentially fatal condition involving severe muscle pain and destruction.
• Do not mix erythromycin with sparfloxacin, ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, diltiazem, verapamil, troleandomycin, mibefradil, nefazodone, or clarithromycin. These mixtures can lead to severe, possibly fatal, abnormal heart rhythms. Grepafloxacin (another fluoroquinolone) should only be mixed with erythromycin in hospitalized patients whose hearts can be monitored during treatment.
• Combining erythromycin and alfentanil (an injectable pain reliever), bromocriptine, buspirone, digoxin, disopyramide, ergotamine, cyclosporine, methylprednisolone (a corticosteroid), tacrolimus, vinblastine, or benzodiazepines (such as alprazolam, diazepam, midazolam, and triazolam) increases the risk of drug side effects.
• Erythromycin estolate may increase the liver side effects of other drugs that affect the liver.
• Erythromycin may increase the anticoagulant (blood-thinning) effects of warfarin in people who take it regularly, especially older adults. People taking this combination should be tested regularly.
• Erythromycin may increase the effects of caffeine.
Food Interactions
Grapefruit juice slows the breakdown of erythromycin, increasing the amount of drug in the blood. For optimum effectiveness, take erythromycin base and erythromycin stearate on an empty stomach with a 6-8 oz. glass of water 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. Other forms of erythromycin can be taken without regard to food or meals.
\huall Dose
Tablet and Suspension
Adult: 250-400 mg every 6 hours, taken 1 hour before meals, or 500 mg every 12 hours. Maximum dose is 4 g a day.
Child: 15-25 mg per lb. of body weight a day in divided doses depending on age, weight, and severity of infection.
Eye Ointment 1/2 inch 2-6 times a day.
Topical Solution: Apply morning and night.
Doses of erythromycin ethylsuccinate are 60% higher due to differences in chemical composition.
Overdosage
Overdose may cause severe side effects, especially nausea, vomiting, stomach cramps, and diarrhea. Mild hearing loss, ringing or buzzing in the ears, or fainting may also occur. Call your local poison control center or a hospital emergency room for more information. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Erythromycin is used instead of penicillin for mild to moderate infections in people who are allergic to penicillin. Erythromycin is not the antibiotic of choice for severe infections.
Erythromycin products should be stored at room temperature, except for oral and topical liquids, which should be kept in the refrigerator.
Call your doctor if you develop nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; stomach cramps; severe abdominal pain; rash, itching, or redness; dark or amber-colored urine; yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes; or any severe or persistent side effect.
If you forget a dose of oral erythromycin, take it as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, space the next 2 doses over 4-6 hours, then continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.
Remember to complete the full course of therapy prescribed even if you feel well before you finish the medication.
Special Populations
Pregnancy/Breast-feeding: Erythromycin passes into the fetal circulation. Erythromycin estolate has caused mild liver inflammation in about 10% of pregnant women who took it and should not be used if you are or might be pregnant. Other forms of erythromycin have been used sale)y without difficulty.
Erythromycin passes into breast milk. Nursing mothers who must take erythromycin should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors with liver disease should use caution. Seniors taking high doses of erythromycin may be at an increased risk of hearing loss.
Aug
1
Clarithromycin
August 1, 2009 | Leave a Comment
Generic Name
Clarithromycin (klah-rith-roe-MYE-sin) 91
Brand Names Biaxin
Type of Drug Macrolide antibiotic.
Biaxin XL
Prescribed For
Mild to moderate infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, sinusitis, exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, middle-ear infections, and for duodenal ulcers; also used for skin and other infections, including membrane attack complex (MAC) in people with advanced HIV infection.
General Information
Clarithromycin and other macybYide antibiotics are either bacteri(;((JW (’UaCkeeia-killing) or bacteriostatic (inhibiting bacterial growth), depending on the organism in question and amount of antibiotic present. In ulcer disease, clarithromycin is used to fight Helicobacter pylori infection, which is present in almost all ulcers and most cases of stomach inflammation.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take clarithromycin if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients or to any macrolide antibiotic.
Clarithromycin should not be used during pregnancy.
Clarithromycin is primarily eliminated from the body through the liver and kidneys. People with severe kidney disease may require dose adjustments. Liver disease generally does not require an adjustment.
Colitis (bowel inflammation) has been associated with all antibiotics (see “Possible Side Effects”). If colitis does develop, your doctor should start appropriate treatment. Mild cases of colitis usually respond to the discontinuation of the medicine.
Possible Side Effects
Most side effects are mild and go away once you stop taking clarithromycin.
✓ Most common: nausea, upset stomach, changes in sense of taste, headache, he. diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and rash in children. Colitis (symptoms include severe abdominal cramps and severe, persistent, and possibly bloody diarrhea) may develop.
✓ Rare: serious abnormal heart rhythms. Contact your doc-
tor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
• Clarithromycin may increase the anticoagulant (blood-thinning) effects of warfarin in people who take it regularly, especially older adults. This combination requires careful monitoring by your doctor.
• Do not combine clarithromycin with astemizole or terfenadine.
• Combining clarithromycin and omeprazole raises the amount of both drugs in the blood.
• Two deaths have been reported in people combining Oarithromycin and pimozidp_ ?imuiide should not be used by peibp)e faking a macrolide antibiotic.
• Clarithromycin may raise blood levels of theophylline, possibly leading to a theophylline overdose. It can also increase the effects of caffeine.
• Combining clarithromycin and digoxin, cyclosporine, ergot
alkaloids, or tacrolimus may lead to serious side effects.
Jul
18
Prostatitis Terminology Glossary.
July 18, 2009 | Leave a Comment
Glossary
ACUTE - Often used to describe a disorder, or symptom, that comes on suddenly. An acute condition may or may not be severe, but it is usually of short duration.
ANDROGENS - Bodily hormones that help in the development of male sex characteristics. Testosterone is the most important of these.
ANUS - The exterior opening, through which waste products are excreted, located at the end of the digestive tract.
BACTERIA - A group of single-celled micro-organisms, many -though not all - of which cause diseases.
BENIGN - Not malignant. Characteristic of a mild illness. Recovery is likely.
BIOPSY - The removal of tissue from a patient so that it may be
studied under a microscope in order to make a precise diagnosis.
BLADDER - An elastic sac that stores urine before it is excreted from the body.
BOGGY - A term used to describe the prostate when it is swollen, spongy and soft.
CANCER - A group of diseases in which symptoms are due to the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells creating a cellular tumour. These cells can spread throughout the body through the bloodstream or the lymphatic system.
CAPSULE - The structure in which an item, such as the prostate, is enclosed.
CATHETER - A hollow, flexible, surgical tube that is used to drain or inject fluid. It is used, in particular, to drain urine via the urethra from the bladder.
CAT SCAN (CT SCAN) - A diagnostic imaging technique using X-rays and computer technology to provide cross-sectional pictures of the body.
CHLAMYDIA - A group of non-bacterial infections in the urethra and genital tract, and one of the most common sexually-transmitted diseases.
CHRONIC - A chronic condition is one that persists fora long time (sometimes in spite of treatment).
CYSTOSCOPE - A lighted viewing instrument that is inserted up the urethra in order to examine the urethra and the bladder.
DYSURIA - Pain on passing urine.
EJACULATION - The act of emission of semen from the penis.
ENZYME - A protein that regulates the rate of a chemical reaction in the body. Every cell in the body produces various enzymes.
ERECTION - The stiffening, hardening and elevation that occur in the penis in response to sexual arousal.
FREQUENCY - The need to urinate at short intervals.
GENITALS - The reproductive organs - both male and female, both internal and external.
GENITO-URINARY - Referring to a man’s or woman’s reproductive and urinary tract.
GLAND - A group of specialised cells that manufacture and release certain chemicals, including hormones and enzymes, for use in the body.
HAEMATURIA - Blood in the urine.
HAEMOSPERMIA - Blood in the seminal fluid.
HESITANCY - Slowness to start the initial urinary flow.
HORMONE - A chemical that is released into the bloodstream by a particular gland or tissue and which has a specific effect on tissues elsewhere in the body.
HYPERPLASIA - Cell proliferation.
HYPERTROPHY - The excessive, abnormal growth of an organ.
IMPOTENCE - Inability to achieve a good enough erection for sexual intercourse.
INCONTINENCE, URINARY - Inability to control the passing of urine.
INTERMITTENCY - Stopping and starting the flow of urine, often resulting in an inability to empty the bladder completely.
INTRAVENOUS PYELOGRAM (IVP) - Also known as urography.
• diagnostic procedure for taking X-ray pictures of the urinary tract.
• dye - or, to give its proper name, a radio-opaque medium - is injected intravenously into the bloodstream, which then shows up on X-rays when it is excreted by the kidneys, ureter and bladder.
KIDNEYS - Two small organs located on either side of the spinal column. Impurities in the blood are removed in the kidneys and dissolved to form urine.
LASER - An acronym, which stands for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation. Laser beams, which are concentrations of light and heat, can be used to cut, and are now being employed increasingly in surgery.
LIBIDO - Sexual desire.
MALIGNANT - Not benign. Cancerous, with the ability to invade other tissues, and to spread, or metastasise, throughout the body.
METASTASIS - A resulting cancer that has spread from another part of the body. Metastases are spread by the bloodstream or the lymph system.
MID-STREAM URINE (MSU) - A urine sample is taken mid-way in the flow of urination - neither at the beginning nor at the end, which gives less opportunity for contamination from surrounding tissues. This gives the best sample for culture or analysis.
NOCTURIA - The urge to urinate during the night, which wakes you up and means you have to get up to go to the toilet. Normally, the kidneys will produce less urine during the night when you are asleep, and the bladder will not signal that it is full until the morning. If the bladder is irritable, however, or if there is residual urine left over in the bladder, a man will be woken by the sensation of a full bladder.
ORCHIDECTOMY - The surgical removal of one or both testicles.
ORGASM - The ultimate climax of the sexual act. In a man, ejaculation normally occurs at this point.
PEAK URINE FLOW - The maximum urine flow that a man can produce, measured in millilitres per second.
PERINEUM - The area between the scrotum and anus.
PROSTATECTOMY - The surgical removal of all or part of the prostate gland.
PROSTATE GLAND - Male gland, about the size of a chestnut, through which the urethra, or urinary pipe, passes.
RADIATION - Energy that is emitted in the form of waves or particles of light. Used in medicine for both diagnosis and treatment.
RADIOTHERAPY - The use of radiation in medicine for the treatment of disease, usually cancer.
RESECTOSCOPE - A surgical instrument that allows the surgeon to see inside the urethra and is used in a transurethral prostatectomy (TURP).
SCROTUM - The pouch at a man’s crotch containing the testicles.
SEMEN - The fluid that is produced by the male on ejaculation.
SEMINAL FLUID - The fluid that is emitted by the penis when a man ejaculates.
SECRETIONS - The manufacture and release by a gland, cell or organ of chemical substances.
SEXUALLY-TRANSMITTED DISEASE - One of the many diseases that can be transmitted through sexual relations. Used to be known as venereal disease.
SITZ BATH - A sit-down bath, which can be beneficial to people suffering from rectal and urinary problems.
SPERM - The male sex cell produced by the testes, also known as spermatozoon (singular) or spermatozoa (plural), which can fertilise the female egg, or ovum.
STERILITY - The inability of a man to father children.
TESTICLES - A man’s two reproductive glands located in his scrotum. The testicles produce sperm and androgens (primarily testosterone).
ULTRASOUND - Also known as sonography. A diagnostic technique in which very high frequency sound waves are passed into the body, and reflected echoes are analysed to build up a picture of the internal organs. The procedure is entirely safe, and quite painless.
URETHRA- Urinary pipe which passes through the penis, through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside. Seminal fluids also pass through the urethra during ejaculation.
URINARY FLOW RATE - How quickly urine is voided from the bladder at the peak of urination. If the urinary flow is weaker than normal, it may indicate that there is some urethral obstruction.
URINE - The pale yellow fluid produced by the kidneys, which is excreted four the body via the bladder and the urethra.
URINE CULTURE - The study of a sample of urine to allow the growth of micro-organisms. This allows a urinary tract infection to be identified.
UROLOGIST - Doctor specialising in disorders of the urinary tract and the male genital tract.
VASECTOMY - Male sterilisation, performed by cutting through the vas deferens on each side of the body, which carry sperm from the testicles to the urethra.
X-RAY - Probably the best known of all imaging techniques, first discovered by Wilhelm Konrad Rbntgen in 1895. It is a useful diagnostic procedure, using electromagnetic radiations of short wave length, which produce high-quality images of bones, organs and internal tissues.
Jul
16
Acebutolol
July 16, 2009 | Leave a Comment
Generic Name
Acebutolol (ah-seh-BUTE-uh-lol) 91
Brand Name Sectral
Type of Drug
Beta-adrenergic blocking agent. Prescribed For
High blood pressure and abnormal heart rhythms.
General Information
Acebutolol hydrochloride is one of many beta-adrenergic blocking drugs, or beta blockers. These drugs interfere with the action of adrenaline and other chemicals in the body that affect many body functions. Individual beta blockers have different characteristics that can make them more suitable for certain conditions or people.
Cautions and Warnings
Do not take acebutolol if you are allergic or sensitive to any of its ingredients or to beta blockers.
You should be cautious about taking acebutolol if you have asthma, severe heart failure, a very slow heart rate, or heart block (disruption of the electrical impulses that control heart rate) because the drug may worsen these conditions.
People with angina taking acebutolol for high blood pressure risk aggravating their angina if they suddenly stop taking the drug. These patients should have their acebutolol dosage reduced gradually over 1-2 weeks.
Acebutolol should be used with caution if you have liver or kidney disease because your ability to eliminate this drug from your body may be impaired.
Acebutolol reduces the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat. This reduction in blood flow may aggravate the condition of people with poor circulation or circulatory disease.
If you are undergoing major surgery, your doctor may want you to stop taking acebutolol at least 2 days before surgery.
People with a history of severe anaphylactic reaction to alergens may be unresponsive to usual doses of epinephrine while taking beta blockers.
Possible Side Effects
Side effects are relatively uncommon and usually mild; normally they develop early in the course of treatment and are rarely a reason to stop taking acebutolol.
✓ Most common: fatigue.
✓ Common: dizziness and headache.
✓ Less common: chest pain, swelling in the legs or arms, depression, sleeplessness, abnormal dreams, rashes, constipation, diarrhea, upset stomach, stomach gas, nausea, frequent urination, back pain, joint and muscle pain, difficulty breathing, stuffy nose, and vision changes.
♦ Rare: cough, low blood pressure, slow heart beat, anxiety, impotence, changes in response to touch stimulation, itching, vomiting, abdominal pain, painful urination, nighttime urination, liver changes, sore throat, wheezing, eye irritation, pain or dry eye, and lupus erythematosus (extremely rare). Contact your doctor if you experience any side effect not listed above.
Drug Interactions
• Acebutolol may interact with surgical anesthetics to increase the risk of heart problems during surgery. Some anesthesiologists recommend gradually stopping the drug by 2 days before surgery.
• Acebutolol may interfere with the normal signs of low blood sugar and with the action of oral antidiabetes drugs.
• Acebutolol increases the blood-pressure-lowering effects of other blood-pressure-reducing agents, including clonidine, guanabenz, and reserpine, and calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine.
• Aspirin-containing drugs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), and sulfinpyrazone may interfere with the blood-pressure-lowering effect of acebutolol.
• Cocaine may reduce the effectiveness of all beta blockers.
• Acebutolol may worsen the problem of cold hands and feet associated with ergot alkaloids, used to treat migraine. Gangrene is a possibility in people taking both an ergot and acebutolol.
• Acebutolol will counteract thyroid hormone replacements.
• Calcium channel blockers, flecainide, hydralazine, contraceptive drugs, cimetidine, propafenone, haloperidol, phenothiazine sedatives (molindone and others), quinolone antibacterials, and quinidine may increase the amount of acebutolol in the bloodstream and lead to increased acebutolol effects.
• Acebutolol should not be taken within 2 weeks of taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAGI) antidepressant.
• Acebutolol may interfere with the effects of some antiasthma drugs, including theophylline and aminophylline.
• Combining acebutolol with digitalis drugs may result in excessive slowing of the heart, possibly causing heart block.
• If you stop smoking while taking acebutolol, your dose may have to be reduced because your liver will break down the drug more slowly afterward.
• Aluminum salts, barbiturates, calcium salts, cholestyramine, colestipol, ampicillin, and rifampin may reduce the effectiveness of acebutolol.
• Beta blockers may block the effects of epinephrine.
Food Interactions
None known.
Usual Dose
High Blood Pressure
Adult: starting dose-100 mg a day, taken all at once or in 2 divided doses. The daily dose may be gradually increased. Maintenance dose-400-800 mg a day.
Senior: Older adults may respond to lower doses and should be treated more cautiously, beginning with 100 mg a day, increasing gradually to a maximum of 400 mg a day.
Child: not recommended.
Abnormal Heart Rhythms
Adult: starting dose-200 mg a day. Maintenance dose-200600 mg a day in 2 divided doses.
Senior: Older adults may respond to lower doses and should be treated more cautiously, beginning with 100 mg a day, increasing gradually to a maximum of 400 mg a day.
Child: not recommended.
Overdosage
Symptoms of overdose include extremely slow or irregular heartbeat, very low blood pressure, breathing difficulties, and seizures. The victim should be taken to a hospital emergency room. ALWAYS bring the prescription bottle or container.
Special Information
Acebutolol is meant to be taken continuously. When ending acebutolol treatment, dosage should be reduced gradually over a period of about 2 weeks. Do not stop taking this drug unless directed to do so by your doctor.
Do not take other medications, including over-the-counter medications, without consulting with your doctor. The use of some nasal decongestants with acebutolol may result in severely high blood pressure.
Acebutolol may cause drowsiness or dizziness. Be careful when driving or performing complex tasks.
It is best to take acebutolol at the same time each day. If you forget a dose, take it as soon as you remember. If you take acebutolol once a day and it is within 8 hours of your next dose, skip the dose you forgot and continue with your regular schedule. If you take acebutolol twice a day and it is within 4 hours of your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Never take a double dose.
Special Populations
PregnancylBreast-feeding. Acebutolol crosses into the placenta. Infants born to women who took a beta blocker while pregnant had lower birth weights, low blood pressure, and slow heart rates. Acebutolol should be taken during pregnancy only if the potential benefit outweighs the risk.
Large amounts of acebutolol pass into breast milk. Nursing mothers taking acebutolol should use infant formula.
Seniors: Seniors taking acebutolol may need a reduced dosage.
Jul
15
Recovery from Prostate Surgery.
July 15, 2009 | Leave a Comment
Recovery from
Prostate Surgery
Whatever anyone tells you, a prostatectomy is a major opera-tion and you need to allow yourself sufficient time to
recover from it bupropion and synthroid . Men are notoriously impatient, especially if they have to go back to work, but you must accept that you
will probably have to slow down for a while cost of bromocriptine .
Don’t expect miracles, and don’t be too hard on yourself flomax tamsulosin florida . You may not have had a leg amputated, but you have nevertheless
had a major operation and you must make allowances for this lancet avandia . You must not expect too much of yourself during your
recovery period in order to give yourself the best chance to get better as quickly as possible prilosec otc cheapest prices . Any impatience may, in
the long run, only make matters worse and set you back on your road to recovery aggrenox and plavix efficacy .
Exactly how long it takes you to get yourself back to a state of good health depends to a large extent on how fit you
were before you had the operation lithium ion hammer drill driver . It also depends on how large your prostate gland was, and on whether or not there were
any complications as a result of surgery lexapro comments .
Remember that old cliche about time being the great healef? It may not be very original but, like a lot of cliches, it’s
true recreational use of methocarbamol . So grit your teeth and take things easy for a while dangers of prozac and phentermine . It may take as long as three months before you feel completely
well again, but once you do, you’ll be utterly convinced that it was worth every minute!
Your bladder
In the first few weeks after your operation, don’t be surprised if your symptoms do not seem any better than before how to use clomiphene . They
may even seem worse tetracycline regime ngu dosage . This doesn’t mean that the operation hasn’t been a success - only that you haven’t healed yet clomid triplets quadruplets .
It can take anything up to about six weeks for the cut surface inside the prostate to heal over completely viagra levitra studies . Expecting
everything to work perfectly before this happens is unrealistic hydrocodene ibuprofen . Until then, you will have to be prepared to make
allowances active ingrediant in nexium .
Even when your urinary system returns to a state of good health, do not be surprised if you have problems getting used to
this overdoeses on anafranil . You’ve probably spent a long time - years maybe - getting used to having to empty your bladder all too frequently,
and it may take a long time -several weeks, probably, or even months - before you succeed in unlearning those habits methotrexate headaches . Be
patient and you will gradually build up confidence in your bladder again until you are able to forget about it
completely singular montelukast .
Medication
You will probably still be taking a course of antibiotics when you leave hospital caffeine and adrenal gland . You must be disciplined about taking
these viagra exposed . Remember to finish the course, and don’t just stop taking the pills as soon as you feel better herb comparable to metronidazole . This could set you
back a long way and allow any leftover bacteria to multiply and mount another attack just when you’re least expecting it
and you’re congratulating yourself on getting better erythromycin compatibility with doxycycline .
AFTER AN OPEN PROSTATECTOMY
If you’ve had an open prostatectomy, you will have stitches in your abdomen and you will have been given strict
instructions on what you can and can’t do imdur contraindications . You will be tired after your general anaesthetic and you will need to look
after your wound cheapest ultram overnight . A district nurse will probably come to your house every other day to change the dressing, and she will
take the stitches out when necessary zantac 300 tablets .
You will have been told what movements you can make to avoid putting too great a strain on both the scar and the
surrounding muscles testosterone propionate takes affect . You should also:
• Avoid carrying anything at all heavy - even a full kettle may be too heavy, so fill it only half full va paying for valtrex medication .
• Get out of your chair cautiously and gently by wriggling your way to the edge of the chair before getting up paxil news .
• Build up slowly to normal activities children’s loratadine .
• Use your common sense at all times and don’t attempt to do too much hyperkalemia with augmentin .
• STOP immediately if you suspect you are doing too much duricef therapy . Once you’ve had the stitches removed
Even when you’ve had the stitches removed, you will still need to be careful cardiolite persantine . It takes a good six weeks for the wound to
heal itself, and several months before the abdominal muscles get back to their full strength drug reactions skin nexium .
AFTER A TRANSURETHRAL PROSTATECTOMY (TURP)
If, on the other hand, you’ve had the more common transurethral prostatectomy (TURP), you won’t have any visible signs of
your operation, like a scar, and it’s all too easy to forget that you’ve actually had an operation at all vytorin side affests . But you have,
and you mustn’t forget it wellbutrin 150xl .
Any operation puts a great physical strain on the body and, as a result, takes a surprisingly long time for you to get
over clindamycin pharmacophore . In hospital, you will have spent most of your time sitting or lying in bed clozapine food . You probably won’t have done anything
more strenuous than reading or watching television weight loss and seroquel . As soon as you get home, the temptation will be to resume all your
favourite occupations - going for a walk in the park, perhaps, or doing a bit of gardening vibramycin 200 mg . But it is not a good idea to
get back into the swing of things too soon vicoden and ibuprofen . This should be a slow and gradual process, and you must be careful not to
push yourself too far, or to do more than you can genuinely cope with hypertension medications inspra norvasc propyl .
In the meantime, make sure that you get plenty of rest buy cardizem . Get up late, have a rest whenever you feel you need one, and go
to bed early levitra viagr cialis . Whenever you are sitting, remember that a firm seat is more comfortable than a soft one that can press
upwards between the buttocks olanzapine .
The problem is obviously greater for people who live alone and who are looking after themselves alternatives to lasix . But even where this is
the case -perhaps even more so, in fact, because you can’t risk driving yourself so hard that you make yourself ill - you
must restrict yourself at First to doing the essentials who makes plavix . You’ll obviously need to do the cooking and washing, but most
other things can wait prednisone alternatives .
There is absolutely no shame in spoiling yourself at a time like this misoprostol en valdivia . Your priority is to get well, and everything else
comes second to that average testosterone in a young male .
HAVING PLENTY TO DRINK
Whatever type of prostatectomy you’ve just had, it is a good idea to keep up your intake of fluids - preferably as much
as 3 rituxan and cellcept .4 litres/6 pints a day lamivudine brand name . This may sound a lot, particularly if you’ve been used to limiting your fluid intake because
of your need to urinate so frequently, but it is important because it helps your bladder to build up its strength and to
return to normal pseudo ephedrine loratadine .
Drinking plenty of liquid also helps to ward off infection and to soothe any bladder irritation celebrex lawyers tx . It helps, too, to wash
out any little pieces of scab and blood from the cut surface inside the prostate, which is likely to happen for the first
six to eight weeks after the operation allegra information page . Although you may notice signs of blood in your urine at first, you should not
feel any pain lovastatin pravastatin conversion .
Contact your doctor if:
• You feel pain fluoxetine causes eps .
• You notice any large amounts of deep red blood in your urine headache morning caffeine .
• You see any blood clots eldepryl cheap no rx .
• You are still passing large bits of scab after the first few days following the operation determination ivermectin in fat .
BLADDER CONTROL
The great majority of prostatectomies are successful, and recovery is usually straightforward prednisone methotrexate arthritis dosages . Having said that, though,
recovery can sometimes be slow, and efficient urination is something you may have to work at will clomid upset normal cycles .
Just after the operation, the urethra may be swollen, which may in turn be painful augmentin dose children . This pain can make the urethral
muscles contract from time to time, which can mean that the flow of urine is either slow or intermittent what are the dossages of lexapro . Bruising of the
tissues around the urethra can also prevent the muscles surrounding the urethra working properly, which can mean that the
urethra neither opens nor closes completely tylenol motrin alternating chart . This can result in a low stream of urine, of continual leakage of urine paste ivermectin dogs .
Such problems are, of course, unpleasant and debilitating, but they should disappear as soon as the swelling and bruising
get better, which should take only a fortnight or so body surface area prednisone .
Another problem following the operation may be that you suffer from just as bad - if not worse - a degree of frequency
and urgency of urination as you did before the operation information about amiodarone . This is likely to be brought about by inflammation of the
prostate and urethra, and may continue until the cut surface of the prostate is completely healed, which can take as long
as six to eight weeks plavix nose bleeds . It can last even longer 11′ you develop a urinary tract infection, which is a good reason to have
your urine tested at your six-week check-up pied piper of prozac acolyte .
It may surprise you to know that the opposite problem of an absence of urgency can, contrary to what you might expect, be
even more worrying than its presence zantac 15 . This is because if you suffered from chronic retention of urine before your
operation, your bladder may have become so accustomed to holding a large amount of urine that it does not send the right
signal when it is full plavix about . The danger, in this case, is that the bladder may become so full that it will be unable to
contract properly and empty itself efficiently lithium batteries rechargeable . You will have to empty it by the clock - say every hour or so - until you
begin to feel the natural urge to urinate caffeine content in chocolate vs coffee . This should happen spontaneously, if gradually caffeine capsules .
In short, you can expect your bladder to behaving abnormally for up to six weeks or so after the operation how is metformin excreted .
Bladder training
You will probably benefit from training - or retraining - your bladder to hold more urine and to last comfortably for
longer periods of time levothroid price . This should help reduce increased frequency and urgency of urination, as well as night-time
urination zanaflex and food .
Start by making a urination chart, or frequency/volume chart, detailing the time and amount of urine each time you go to
the toilet pharmacy purchasing cyclosporine microemulsion . Equip yourself with a measuring jug, of the type you can buy in hardware or kitchen equipment shops, so as to
measure the volume of urine premarin topical . Continue keeping this chart while you are bladder training zoloft morphine interaction .
You will probably be used to emptying your bladder each time you feel the slightest urge to do so, or even each time you
pass a toilet ‘just in case’ orlistat substitute . Stop doing this and gradually increase the time between visits to the toilet acyclovir online prescription . Start by
holding on for another two minutes after you feel the need to go to the toilet, then increase this to five minutes, then
another five minutes, and so on pletal side effects .
All this is easier said than done, but there are a few ‘tricks’ that should make it easier for you to hold on between
visits furosemide 500mg .
• Sit rather than stand when you feel the desire to urinate makita 10.8 lithium .
• Keep still rather than moving around zyprexa mdl orders .
• Pull up your pelvic floor muscles (see below) lipitor itchy skin .
• Cross your legs reglan side efffects .
• Hold your penis, if you can do this discreetly allegra cause does indigestion .
• Take regular, slow, deep breaths azithromycin impurity a .
• Think about something else to keep your mind off your bladder 50mg clomid .
• Try to do something else to take your mind off your bladder,
such as making a telephone call, or reading the newspaper shbg anastrozole .
You will find that you can gradually manage to hold on for longer and longer intervals enalapril side effects in dogs . Aim, ultimately, for an interval
of three to four hours serum sickness clinical signs amoxicillin .
Bladder training can achieve a lot for most people in just four weeks methotrexate sulfa drug allergy . Try to keep it up for three months or, even
better, six months probecid penicillin powder . Don’t expect to have dealt with all your problems even after six months clomid and metformin twin . Symptoms can continue to
improve for as long as a year -or even longer clomid without insurance .
PELVIC FLOOR EXERCISES
Most women are familiar with their pelvic floor muscles, particularly if they have had a baby high estradiol concerns . A lot of men, on the other
hand, may not even know that they have any pelvic floor muscles, let alone what or where they are chemical composition of lithium .
Pelvic floor exercises strengthen the pelvic floor muscles, which support and help to close the urethra provera rx . Strengthening
these muscles will help increase your ability to hold on before you go to the toilet sideeffects of avelox .
Try tensing up the muscles between your scrotum and anus, in much the same way as you would to prevent the flow of urine,
or to hold back the urge to break wind fexofenadine de . If you are not sure if you are doing this right, put a finger there and you will
feel a ring of muscle around the anus become firmer spironolactone hair loss . Another way of doing it is to try stopping the flow ofurine while
you are actually urinating home recipe dog ivermectin comfortis . If the muscles are very weak, you may only be able to weaken the flow of urine and not
actually to stop it cheap vardenafil . Try this once a day until you can stop the stream of urine efficiently and completely adhd treatment caffeine . When you are
able to tense up the muscles, you can continue practising in other positions and while doing other things - on the bus,
doing the washing-up, waiting for a bus, whatever is most convenient cholesterol caffeine . Hold the muscles tense for five seconds, then relax
for five seconds discount generic viagra soft tabs . Repeat the whole cycle of tensing and relaxing five times, which will take about a minute articles on manufacturers of lithium batteries . Ideally, you
should do this for a total of 15 minutes (at least) a day exelon rivastigmine .
You have to stick at it to obtain results, because it takes time for weakened muscles to build up strength renal scan with lasix washout . Stick to
between three and six months of diligent exercise, and you are bound to notice results seroquel cause numb .
RESUMING SEXUAL ACTIVITY
You can resume sexual activity as soon as you feel up to it mefenamic acid its indication . Some doctors are wary of advising patients to do this, in
case of disturbing clots and scabs, others say that the passage of semen cannot do any more harm than the passage of
urine list of herbs that contain caffeine . Be alert to how you feel, and follow your natural inclinations find cheapest tramadol ambien .
You may, however, not feel like sex for some time after the operation tegretol once a day . If this happens to you, you shouldn’t worry about veterinary drugs famotidine .
It does not mean that you have lost your sex drive or your potency as a result of the operation - it simply means that
you have a natural degree of fatigue after what is, after all, a major operation side affects altace 25mg . This is even more likely if you have
had a general anaesthetic sildenafil 50mg kamagra tablets .
Retrograde ejaculation
You are unlikely to ejaculate in quite the same way as you did before the operation and may experience retrograde
ejaculation (see Chapter 7) celexa phentermine gt . This means that semen goes backwards up the urethra into the bladder, rather than forwards
and down into the urethra cozaar and drug interactions . This often has the effect of making you sterile, and a lot of men find this a very difficult
hurdle to deal with, even if they do not actually want to father any more children prevacid non prescription . In their eyes, the fact that they are
now sterile seems to emasculate them in some way, to make them less of a man foods that have theophylline . It is important that a man is told that
this is a likely side-effect of a prostatectomy before the operation, as this seems to help them deal with it better olanzapine dangers . If
a man is not told until afterwards, when it is aAit accompli in which lie had no say, he may be very angry drug information prescription ultram .
Even if you do have retrograde ejaculation, this cannot guarantee that your partner won’t become pregnant and you should
still use some form of contraception if this is an issue cardizem norvasc . You cannot rely on a prostatectomy to give you a reliable form
of contraception medicare warfarin genetic test policy . It is estimated that between 5 and 10 per cent of men are still fertile afterwards metronidazole neurotoxicosis in cats . If you want a
reliable and permanent method of contraception, you may want to discuss the possibility of having a vasectomy with your
surgeon, as this can easily be done at the same time as a prostatectomy information about depo provera .
Your urine will probably look a little cloudy after intercourse, as the semen that went into the bladder is washed out nexium patient assistance .
You may also find that you bleed slightly after intercourse during the first six weeks or so after the operation - just
as you notice a little blood in your urine - but as long as this is not a large amount of blood, you should not have
anything to worry about boniva infusions .
YOUR SIX-WEEK CHECK-UP
By six weeks after the operation, most of your symptoms should have cleared up, though you may still be suffering from
frequency and urgency of urination altace and garlic .
You will probably have a check-up after six weeks, which is your opportunity to discuss anything that is worrying you celebrex 200 mg 30 .
It is particularly important to have a test done on a urine sample, just to check that you are free of any urine
infection risperdal blood sugar . Some hospital clinics also like to repeat the urine flow test, which will indicate that the operation has been
successful actos drugs glipizide .
Jul
15
Prostatitis. DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATITIS. CHRONIC PROSTATITIS. ACUTE BACTERIAL INFECTION.
July 15, 2009 | Leave a Comment
Prostatitis is a catch-all expression covering various types of inflammation of the prostate clozaril safety protocal . It is not as serious as
enlargement of the prostate, and especially not as serious as cancer of the prostate he took viagra and fucked me . It can, however, be a very
difficult condition to treat and can sometimes drag on for several years ginko and lexapro .
In prostatitis, the tiny glands in the prostate become infected, inflamed or clogged - either with thickened secretions
or with small gravel-like stones discount order altace . As we have seen in Chapter 1, the prostate is a complex system of glands, cells,
tubules and ducts still stuffy after taking pseudoephedrine hcl . Once infection gets a hold in this complicated network, it is hardly surprising that it can be very
difficult to eradicate caffeine and migraine faq .
Even when it has been treated - and even when it seems as though it has been successfully treated - it can still come
back called drug protonix . And in the absence of successful treatment, it can flare up for years, with depressing regularity depo provera and pregnancy .
THREE TYPES
There are three main types of prostatitis online pharmacy azithromycin . These are:
• Acute bacterial infection allegra photo magazine advertisements .
• Chronic infection, which may be bacterial or non-bacterial thc caffeine nicotine alcohol .
• Prostatodynia, which may cause the symptoms of prostate pain without any obvious signs of inflammation or
infection discount viagra and cialis .
DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATITIS
Prostatitis is sometimes difficult to diagnose torn meniscus and avelox . In general, the person best qualified to diagnose prostatitis is a doctor
specialising in urology or genito-urinary medicine clinical trials comparing avelox against ciprofloxacin .
Your doctor may refer you to a special genito-urinary (GU) clinic biaxin generic . This does not mean that your doctor suspects that you
are suffering from a sexually-transmitted disease lithium evanessance . It simply means that genitourinary clinics have the best experience
and equipment to investigate and treat your symptoms nizoral 20 mg . The staff are used to dealing with this kind of problem, and will
do so sympathetically and in confidence, so you have no need to feel embarrassed exelon chicago il .
You are likely to have a number of tests as part of the investigation of your symptoms prilosec alternatives . These may include some, or all,
of the following:
• A digital rectal examination, which means that the doctor inserts a lubricated gloved finger into the rectum and
gently palpates, or feels, the prostate through the front wall of the rectum, which lies against the back of the gland zantac allegra claritin .
If you have prostatitis, the prostate will feel boggy, soft and tender zyrtec d 12hour . A digital rectal examination should not hurt,
though it may be uncomfortable if the prostate is inflamed and therefore tender to the touch paxil foul stools flatulence diarrhea . A lot of men are
embarrassed to have one, but they shouldn’t be: doctors are used to doing this and have a very matter-of-fact attitude to
it urinary incontinence and caffeine .
• Swabs from the end of the penis, which are taken by gently inserting a sterile cotton bud into the end of the
penis and taking any fresh discharge gb-40 lithium ion battery .
* Urine tests to check for cloudiness, signs of protein or blood, and threads of cellular niaterial, which are then
examined under the microscope for pus cells or bacteria zyrtec ads .
® Urine cultures to see if any bacteria grow, which should also distinguish between infection in different parts of
the urinary tract azithromycin for strep throat .
• A blood test to check for a raised white cell count tramadol for dog .
• Routine screening for sexually-transmitted diseases such as chlamyclia is macrobid safe for dogs .
• The doctor will look for a discharge from the penis, and for signs of inflammation and soreness both on the penis
and in the testicles propecia lies .
If prostatitis is untreated, or it’ drug treatment is unsuccessful, there is a risk that the prostate gland may become
full of pus 5 online sildenafil citrate . Not surprisingly, this can have dreadful consequences finasteride and g tube .
It may eventually burst, releasing pus into the urethra, which will discharge from the tip of the penis loratadine interocular pressure . And it may also
result in severe infection elsewhere in the urinary tract lasix hanford ca .
ACUTE BACTERIAL INFECTION
‘This is an uncommon complaint itraconazole versus fluconazole resistance . It is usually caused by bacteria from the intestines ultram first trimester pregnancy . These find their way into the
urinary system, either through the urethra or through the bloodstream or lymphatic fluids does penicillin make you tired .
Sometimes there is a link with organisms that cause a sexually-transmitted disease, such as gonorrhoea or chlarnydia tylenol is ibuprofen .
Sometimes, too, the fungus that causes thrush (Candida) is responsible atomoxetine no prescription .
Symptoms
These can happen suddenly and can include one or several of the following:
• Feeling generally under the weather tert-butyl peroxide tert-butyl benzoyl peroxide .
• Chills or fever enalapril maleate tablets side effects .
• An aching feeling around the thighs and genitals rat poison coumadin .
• A deep pain in the perineurn, which is the area between the pouch containing the testicles, known as the scrotum,
and the anus soma yoga utah .
• Low back pain prednisone dog side effects .
• Pain in the lower abdomen effects of salbutamol .
• Pain on passing water problems with taking esidrix .
• Blood in the urine, which is known as haernatuna estradiol deficiency in men .
• Difficulty in passing water spironolactone transsexual .
• Increased frequency of passing water effects of caffeine on study habits .
• Urine may be cloudy or smelly viagra cartooms .
• Pain on ejaculation atenolol weight gain .
Diagnosis
The doctor will probably perform a digital rectal examination by inserting a lubricated gloved finger into the rectum ramipril atenolol side effects . He
will then feel the prostate through the wall of the rectum evista for treating fibroids . If a man has prostatitis, the prostate will probably feel
hot, swollen and tender norvasc tabs .
The doctor will then do a series of tests on a sample of urine and On urethral secretions obtained after massaging the
prostate gland, in order to investigate the cause of the infection ditropan xl and detrol la .
Treatment
Acute bacterial prostatitis, when symptoms come on suddenly, is the most dramatic form of the disease, but it is also the
form that responds best to treatment withdrawal symptoms of wellbutrin . A prolonged course of antibiotic tablets is prescribed flagyl for chlamydia . This is usually for at
least four weeks digoxin halflife . Acute infection responds well to antibiotics, probably because the intense inflammation allows the
drugs to penetrate into the interior of the gland penicillin dogs . Symptoms should begin to show some improvement within the first few
days ibuprofen prior to hysterosalpingogram .
Sometimes, though, infection may persist in the prostate, in spite of treatment, and it is necessary to have careful
follow-up treatment to make sure that the condition has cleared up cost of clomiphene citrate . If this does not happen, the condition may tend to
recur and chronic prostatitis will usually result adoxa info .
Occasionally, though rarely, infection may cause the gland to swell sufficiently for the urethra to be squeezed shut ultram vicodin symptoms .
This causes urinary outflow obstruction lithium batteries airplane . It necessitates urgent admission to hospital, where urinary flow is eased by
inserting a catheter directly into the bladder th rough the abdomen under local anaesthetic dosage wellbutrin and celexa together . With rest and the
administration of antibiotics, the infection will usually clear up well in only a few days norvasc suit .
CHRONIC PROSTATITIS
Chronic prostatitis is more common than acute prostatitis, but is much more difficult to eradicate amoxicillin pregnant .
There are two types of chronic prostatitis, which can be bacterial or non-bacterial vitamed viagra .
Chronic bacterial prostatitis,
Micro-organisms can enter the prostate gland, where they set up a localised infection with pus and perhaps with
abscesses pain from penicillin shot . Swelling occurs rapidly and this traps the bacteria in the gland, as the usual drainage channels become
blocked off propecia vellus hair .
Prostatic secretions may coat the offending bacteria, which then harden to form tiny stones, or crystals caffeine in cocaine energy drink . This protects
them from being attacked by the body’s immune system or by antibiotics viagra eqivalent herbal tablets . This explains the repeated flare-ups that tend to
occur in chronic bacterial prostatitis cialis in wmoen .
This means, too, that the condition can be difficult to treat successfully doxycycline for lymes . Some sufferers may even be unlucky enough to
suffer from recurrent symptoms throughout their lives prednisone dosing instructions severe allergic reaction .
Symptoms
These vary from one person to another aciphex information . They may include any, or several, of the following:
• Frequency in passing water cytotec no prescrip .
• Pain on passing water dizzy from neurontin .
• Pain in the prostate, genitals or rectum paxil onsubmit .
• Swelling of the testes paxil medication side effects .
• Lower back pain benefits of taking testosterone .
• Watery discharge from the penis duloxetine and pe .
• Pain on ejaculation stock value exelon corporation .
• Blood in the semen prednisone and allergy .
• Premature ejaculation omeprazole and purcahse .
• If the doctor feels the prostate during a digital rectal examination, it may feel boggy, soft and squelchy comparison arimidex femara in menopausal women .
Fertility
There is some evidence that chronic bacterial prostatitis may impair male fertility effect of zofran . This may probably be true in all
cases of prostatitis, but seems to be especially true of chronic bacterial prostatitis prozac pill bottle graphic . Analysis of the prostatic fluid
of men with chronic bacterial prostatitis has shown significant changes in both the physical properties and the chemical
constituents of the fluid hypoparathyroidism calcitriol . It is thought that these changes may well affect the quality of the semen, and thus the level
of fertility adverse reaction symptoms for omnicef . It is not unusual for doctors to hear the wives of men with chronic bacterial prostatitis complain that
they are finding it difficult to become pregnant getting off of prozac . A sperm count and sperm quality assessment can be done to find out how
much a man’s fertility has been affected premarin letter openers .
Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis
This is a complaint in which inflammation is present without any signs of infection metformin interaction with claritin . In other words, prostate secretions
contain white pus cells, but no bacteria testosterone levels and menopause .
It is not known exactly what causes chronic non-bacterial prostatitis, but several theories have been suggested advil and celebrex together . One is
that it is caused by abnormal emptying of the bladder, which forces urine into the prostate channels and ducts, where it
causes irritation and inflammation arcoxia or what . This may be triggered, or aggravated, if a man jogs or plays any strenuous sport on a
full bladder wellbutrin 20mg .
Another theory is that some men produce thicker prostate secretions, which are perhaps more acid then normal safe doses loratadine . These
secretions are unable to drain away through the narrow ducts and therefore build up to cause irritation and swelling cipro gov .
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of chronic non-bacterial prostatitis are:
• Frequency in passing water mesalamine and asacol .
• Pain on passing water bioavailability ranitidine .
• Pain or ache in the prostate, genitals or rectum aleve stomach .
• Lower back pain, especially after sexual intercourse fluoxetine sertraline sexual .
• Discharge from the urethra, especially after intercourse lipitor generic alternatives . Treatment
Any chronic infection is difficult to treat, particularly when inflammation and swellings trap the infection inside the
gland amiodarone and augmentin .
In the case of chronic bacterial prostatitis, a course of the appropriate antibiotic, depending on which bacterium is
responsible for the condition, will be prescribed for at least six weeks diovan adverse effects . Sometimes antibiotics may be required for as
long as three months, or even longer rash lamictal .
Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis can be treated with a natural food supplement derived from rye pollen extracts, which
has been shown to reduce inflammation, irritation and swelling, though improvement may not be apparent for at least three
months and full recovery may take as long as six months or even more voltaren 0.1 op sol . Swelling, inflammation and pain may be helped by
anti-inflammatory painkillers such as ibuprofen what to expect on clomid .
Self-help
Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis is sometimes relieved by an increased frequency of ejaculation testosterone stimulation by lh fsh . This can be brought
about through intercourse, of course, but if this does not happen it may equally be brought about by masturbation over suppression dexamethasone .
Ejaculation drains the prostate of any excess secretions and causes a temporary increase in blood supply ags lithium grease . Both these
things help to flush away any toxins avapro and swollen legs .
In some cases, however, an increased frequency of ejaculation only makes the problem worse zoloft and effects of tapering off .
PROSTATODYNIA
This is characterised by the usual symptoms of prostate problems, including pain, but with no evidence of inflammation or
infection in the gland keflex for uti . Prostate secretions look perfectly normal and contain no pus cells amlodipine and alcohol .
Prostatodynia is surprisingly common and accounts for around one third of all cases where men experience the symptoms of
chronic prostatitis overseas generic viagra .
Symptoms
The symptoms of prostatodynia are therefore similar to those of chronic prostatitis venlafaxine tranylcypromine . They may often also include
psychosexual problems metformin and quit smoking .
Symptoms include the following:
• Frequency in passing water, sometimes with associated pain calan wavetek .
• Pain in the prostate, genitals or rectum rimonabant combined with other drugs .
• Swelling of the testes tizanidine nmda .
• Lower back pain 24 claritin .
• Watery discharge from the penis using zoloft and concerta together .
• Blood in the semen (haemospermia) can you take trimethoprim while pregnant .
• Premature ejaculation lipitor withdrawl .
• Pain on erection generic viagra buy sildenafil citrate .
• Pain on ejaculation verapamil safety mouse pdf .
• Low sex drive estradiol dosing .
• A diminished volume of semen ketoconazole manufacturing .
• Impotence clomid ovulation predictor .
• If the doctor feels the prostate during a digital rectal examination, it may feel boggy, soft and squelchy cymbalta approval manufacturing inspection labeling .
Treatment
prostatodynia can be difficult to treat atorvastatin crap . Painkillers are not usually helpful side effects from effexor xr .
Some doctors have labelled prostatodynia as a psychosexual problem and advise counselling traitement bicalutamide . It is, however, likely to have
a physical cause, such as spasm of the pelvic muscles, which may be brought on by stress and anxiety viagra sideffects . In this case,
tranquillisers may be prescribed in order to reduce muscular spasm in the gland, though it is not a good idea to take
these in the long-term as they can become addictive lasix renogram .
Recent studies have suggested that prostate pain can be relieved by microwave hyperthermia low maintainance prednisolone for heart failure . The technique was originally
developed at the Beilinson Medical Centre, Petah Tiqva, in Israel in the early 1980s and is now attracting a lot of
interest in other countries secual effects norvasc . This entails warming the prostate gland from body temperature (37°C/ 98 elavil for dogs .6°F) to
42 growth hormone in meat testosterone .5°C/180 dog promethazine dosage .5°F by a special instrument which is inserted into the back passage eac bupropion . This increases the blood supply and
accelerates the body’s natural healing reactions tizanidine migraine . An hour’s treatment is usually given weekly for six weeks how long until augmentin effect .
Other treatments that have been tried for prostatodynia include:
• Acupuncture how to quit taking paxil .
• Laser irradiation dexamethasone lumbar pain whiplash .
• Muscle-relaxant drugs, such as diazepam overnight shipping of cialis .
• Antispasmodic drugs trazodone glaucoma .
Self-help
As in chronic non-bacterial prostatitis, symptoms may be worsened when ejaculation is infrequent, in which case the pain
may be caused by prostatic gland engorgement voltaren package insert . Symptoms may therefore be relieved by an increased frequency of
ejaculation, as a result of either intercourse or masturbation tofranil patch . Ejaculation drains the prostate of any excess secretions
and causes a temporary increase in blood supply, both of which help to (lush out any toxins cymbalta insomnia .
In some cases, however, an increased frequency of ejaculation only makes the problem worse tmeda t-butyl lithium benzene .
Sitting in a hot bath for half an hour can help to warm up the prostate gland health tramadol . Relaxation techniques may also be used to
relax the muscles and as an alternative to muscle-relaxant drugs trazodone and nutrient depletion .
The combination of regular exercise and a high-fibre diet will help keep the bowels regular, which is particularly
important for men suffering from prostatodynia caffeine and bones . This is of special benefit to those men who sit at a desk for most of the
day, as both constant sitting and constipation tend to increase prostate congestion sucralfate for horses .
Symptoms of prostatodynia may be triggered by the nicotine in cigarettes and by alcohol or caffeine, so it is best to
reduce consumption of all three asperger and prozac and fertility drugs . It may also be advisable to consult an allergy specialist who may be able to identify
foods that you should avoid losartan price .
Natural treatments
Rye pollen extracts have been shown in clinical trials in Europe to help ease the symptoms of prostatitis, particularly
chronic non-bacterial prostatitis and prostatodynia lithium combined with flurine . They reduce inflammation and ease irritation generic zoloft sun pharmaceuticals blue pill . They may take as long
as three months before they show any improvement, which may then continue over the next three months take detrol while pregnant . Rye pollen
extracts, such as Cernilton and ProstaBrit, are available from health food stores (see also Naturopathy pravastatin provastatin . Chapter 9) prilosec long term use side effects .
prostatitis and sex
I l’you suffer from prostatitis, it is a good idea to avoid sex, both while you are having symptoms and while you are
being treated off label lamictal . This is because, if the problem is one of infection, you may pass this on to a female partner, in which
case it may manifest itself as cystitis or vaginal infection bcbs viagra .
Your doctor will be able to advise you on when you can resume normal sexual relations prevacid and weight gain .
Jul
15
HOW THE PROSTATE CHANGES WITH AGE. THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PROSTATE GLAND.
July 15, 2009 | Leave a Comment
HOW THE PROSTATE CHANGES WITH AGE
The prostate gland begins to enlarge to its adult size at puberty, as a result of the effect of the male hormones, or
androgens zoloft and pms . It stops enlarging around the age of 20 amlodipine effect on diabetes . The prostate rarely causes problems before the age of 30 sore throat synthroid armour .
In most men, the prostate gland starts to enlarge naturally again after the age of about 50, which is when it often
begins to cause the majority of problems comparing mircette alesse aviane and levlite . It obviously needs to be located in very close proximity to the urethra because
the prostate secretions are discharged into the urethra, but the fact that it actually encircles the urethra in quite
this way seems to be a serious design fault in the male anatomy info on strattera . It is because of this that, as it enlarges with
advancing age, it has a tendency to squeeze the urethra and to interfere with the flow of urine atypical asthma loratadine .
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE PROSTATE GLAND
The prostate’s role in the male body is a curious one synthroid facial hair . It is not essential for life bupropion and alt levels . It is not even essential for
reproduction, though it plays some part in the reproductive process sinemet with food .
The prostate gland is not actually one single gland, but is made up of millions of tiny tubular glands, which are
arranged in five lobes: two lateral, a middle, a posterior, and an anterior take naprosyn for bursitis . The inner zone produces secretions that help
keep the lining of the urethra moist; and the outer zone secretes a thin milky fluid, which is discharged into the
urethra on ejaculation and makes up between 30 and 40 per cent of semen metronidazole side effects patient review . Prostatic fluid is therefore an important
component of the seminal fluid and provides vital nutrients for sperm caffeine content coke cola .
The prostate gland also contains muscle and fibre cells zantac for depression . These help the gland to contract and to squeeze the secretions
of the prostate into the urethra imipramine in patch form .
Exactly why the prostate gland exists is not really understood propecia prescription canada .
For further details about the little that we do know of its function, see below probenecid dehydrate .
THE URETHRA
The prostate gland fits like a collar around the urethra, which is the tube that carries urine through the penis to
outside the body:
The urethra also carries the semen and sperm during the act of ejaculation use for metronidazole .
Sperm are produced in the testes sertraline et tianeptine . They are stored in the epididymis, or they can also be temporarily stored at the top of
the vasa deferentia, which are the tubes leading from the testes to the ejaculatory ducts which empty into the urethra
inside the prostate gland mechanism of action for zithromax . When a man becomes sexually excited, sperm are pumped up through the vasa deferentia ampicillin how to take . Then,
when a man reaches orgasm, contractions of the seminal vesicles and prostate muscles forces all the available fluid -
that is sperm, the fluid from the seminal vesicles situated at the base of the bladder, and the secretions from the
prostate gland - to pour into the urethra zetia and myopathy . Ejaculation then occurs, which is when the muscles surrounding the urethra
contract to expel the semen from the penis soma lotus .
A SUMMARY OF ITS FUNCTIONS
Ignorant as we are about what the prostate gland actually does in the male body, it is known to do the following things:
• It secretes fluids that make up between 30 and 40 per cent of semen zetia hal life . They are added to the seminal fluid while it
is collecting at the start of the urethra, a few seconds before ejaculation ephidrine hcl codeine phosphate promethazine hcl .
• It secretes certain nutrients that are thought to nourish sperm and keep it healthy lithium ion cell laptop battery rebuild . These include zinc, amino
acids, citric acid, vitamins and sugars pravachol pills . These nutrients are not necessary for fertilisation, sperm that have not come
into contact with prostate fluid can still fertilise an egg online soma cod . So although it undoubtedly has some influence on male
fertility (it helps sperm swim towards the egg and makes the cervix open a little so that sperm can swim through it), it
is by no means absolutely indispensable plavix and bleeding .
• Prostatic fluid contains some substances that neutralise bacteria viagra bournemouth kamagra .
• It helps direct semen outwards during ejaculation metformin non diabetic . This prevents sperm from refluxing tip into the bladder tramadol hydrochloride contraindications loratadine .
• It contains the substances that give semen its characteristic smell altace nih .
• It secretes certain enzymes, such as acid phosphatase and prostatic specific antigen (PSA), which give semen its
fluidity virginia accutane lawyer . It is this that helps sperm to swim zoloft side effects starting .
• It secretes prostaglandins, which are hormone-like chemicals sertraline ecstacy . These have a certain effect on the female genital
tract enzyme viagra chalis . They make the neck of the womb, or cervix, open a little so that sperm can swim through it into the uterus more
easily, and are therefore thought to be important in the process of fertilisation breitenbush lithium water . The fact that the prostatic fluid is
believed to be ejaculated in the first contraction of orgasm, just before the bulk of the semen from the seminal
vesicles, would appear to support this theory is aleve safe while breastfeeding . Prostaglandins are also thought to make the female genital tract contract,
which may encourage sperm to be drawn in towards the egg bad side effects of boniva .
• It is the site at which the male sex hormone testosterone - made by the testicles - is broken down atenolol nervous .
DISPELLING MYTHS
Given the fact that no one knows a great deal about the role of the prostate, and given the fact that men, in general,
seem to have a natural lack of curiosity about their own bodies, it is hardly surprising that so many people have a very
distorted idea of what the prostate gland actually does alchohol while taking metformin .
Some people have a vague notion that it has something to do with reproduction, and assume that when it goes wrong it
therefore causes a reproductive problem sertraline aspirin . This is not so, however, and the problem is rather to do with the effect of the
enlarged or ageing gland on the exit from the bladder information prescribing prilosec .
Some men assume, too, that the prostate is responsible in some way for the production of urine face cleaners for accutane . This belief stems from
the fact that, when it becomes enlarged, it makes them urinate more often diclofenac in plogel . But there is no connection at all between the
prostate and the kidneys soma value . It is not the manufacture of urine that is the problem, but the exit of urine from the bladder low testosterone b12 .
This is because when the prostate enlarges -for whatever reason - it exerts pressure on the urethra and on the neck of
the bladder, thereby restricting the flow of urine diflucan find information on diflucan .
It is useful to understand what the prostate gland does and what it means when it goes wrong cymbalta anxiety 30mg 2007 . A lot of men who have
problems with the flow of urine and find it difficult to cope with an increased frequency of urination think they can
rectify the problem by cutting down on their fluid intake a href order effexor . But this is not only useless, it can also be dangerous lawsuit against prozac . People
who have an obstructed bladder should actually drink more, not less, even though this may mean ‘going’ more often testosterone hormone replacement physician pennsylvan . This
is because, if there is any residual urine left in the bladder, this may become infected unless it is regularly diluted
with a fresh supply of urine risperdal rebound atypical neuroleptic .
Nor should you try to hold out for as long as possible before emptying your bladder 9 grams of pseudoephedrine . You will empty your bladder more
efficiently when you are not in a hurry most common treatment for bipolar lithium .
Jul
2
Acne: Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy
July 2, 2009 | Leave a Comment
Blue Light Photodynamic Therapy nxkcirqv7h
The latest thing in acne treatment is the Dusa Blue Light. The FDA initially approved this therapy for treating precancerous skin lesions called actinic keratoses. The approach utilizes a special photosensitizing chemical, aminolevulinic acid (Levu-
*** Dusa Blue Light
For people with precancerous skin lesions or severe acne, the Blue Light may be a valuable tool. The skin may took worse for a few days, but within a week or two the acne should clear up significantly. Results may last several months.
This photodynamic therapy requires a two-step process: First a photosensitizing chemical.(Levulan Kerastick) is applied to the skin and then removed. Then the skin is exposed to the special light.
Side effects: Crusting, stinging, and redness
Downside: Cannot be used if you have active cold sores (herpes simplex) or warts, if you’ve recently had chemotherapy, or if you are pregnant. People who have used isotretinoin within the last year may not be able to undergo Blue Light therapy. Stay out of the sun and avoid fluorescent light exposure for a couple of days after treatment.
Cost: Varies according to the practitioner. Some plastic surgeons charge $500 to $1,000 for a series of treatments.
Ian Kerastick), that is applied to the skin for 30 to 40 minutes. It is then rinsed off and the patient sits in front of the Dusa Blue Light for 8 to 12 minutes. This special fluorescent tube emits a narrow band of blue light (417-nanometer wavelength). It is not a laser. It looks like an ordinary fluorescent light.
This photodynamic therapy reverses precancerous damage to the skin and also seems to undo some of the effects of long-term sun exposure. In addition, this treatment appears to change the hair follicle and make the environment inhospitable for acne-causing bacteria. Dermatologists who adopted the Blue Light early on seem quite enthusiastic about its use for hard-to-treat acne. There is also a hint that it may help “rejuvenate” skin by reducing wrinkles and improving skin texture.